APUSH PERIOD 3

Detailed flashcards so you don't upset mommy and get a 1.

French and Indian War

Conflict between the French and British over land in the Ohio River Valley; British victory led to westward expansion.

Proclamation Line of 1763

Prevented colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains; many ignored it.

Albany Congress

Meeting of colonial reps and Iroquois to discuss defense and relations in the Ohio region.

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin’s proposal for colonial unity; rejected.

Treaty of Paris

Ended the French and Indian War; France lost North American territories, Britain gained land east of the Mississippi.

Salutary Neglect

Unofficial British policy of relaxed enforcement; allowed colonies to self

Grenville’s Plan

Enforced Navigation Acts, extended wartime policies into peacetime, and included the Quartering Act.

Quartering Act of 1765

Required colonists to house and feed British soldiers.

Sugar Act

Taxed items like coffee, tea, wine; reinforced molasses taxes.

Stamp Act

Taxed all paper goods, including newspapers, legal docs, and cards.

Currency Act

Banned colonies from printing their own money.

Taxation without representation

Belief that colonies shouldn't be taxed without actual reps in Parliament.

Virtual representation

British idea that Parliament represented all British subjects, including colonists.

Sons of Liberty

Group that organized resistance against British taxes.

Stamp Act Congress

Meeting of reps from 9 colonies to petition for repeal of the Stamp Act.

Declaratory Act

Gave Britain full power to legislate for colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

Townshend Acts

Taxes on imported goods like paper, tea, and glass.

Boston Massacre

Deadly clash between colonists and British soldiers; 5 colonists died.

Tea Act

Lowered tea tax but gave British East India Co. monopoly; angered colonists.

Boston Tea Party

Protest where colonists dumped 45 tons of tea into Boston Harbor.

Coercive Acts

Punishment for the Tea Party; closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid.

Continental Congress

Delegates met (excluding Georgia) to organize resistance against British rule.

Two Treatises of Government

John Locke’s writings about government by consent and natural rights.

Social Contract

Rousseau’s idea that people give power to gov’t in exchange for protection of rights.

Common Sense

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet arguing for independence using plain language and biblical references.

Second Continental Congress

Formal meeting where independence was officially discussed.

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson; proclaimed colonies’ independence from Britain.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point in the war; convinced France to support the U.S.

Battle of Yorktown

Final battle; forced British to surrender.

Paris Peace Treaty

Ended the Revolution; Britain recognized U.S. independence.

Ladies Association of Philadelphia

Women’s group providing supplies to soldiers.

Republican Motherhood

Belief that women should be educated to teach republican values to their children.

French Revolution

Inspired by Enlightenment and American ideals; third estate revolted and created a declaration.

Haitian Revolution

Slave uprising that overthrew French control; inspired by American and French revolutions.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. government; weak central power, no executive branch.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Banned slavery in Northwest Territory; set process for admitting new states.

Shays’ Rebellion

Armed uprising by indebted farmers; exposed weaknesses of the Articles.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting to revise the Articles; created the U.S. Constitution.

Virginia Plan

Called for representation based on population; bicameral legislature.

New Jersey Plan

Equal representation for each state; unicameral legislature.

Great Compromise

Combined both plans; bicameral legislature with House and Senate.

House of Representatives

Lower chamber; representation based on state population, elected by people.

Senate

Upper chamber; equal representation (2 per state), chosen by state legislatures.

Three-Fifths Compromise

3/5th of the slave population would be counted towards the population for more representation.

Executive Branch

Headed by the president; enforces laws, elected through electoral college.

Federalists

Supported strong national government.

Anti-Federalists

believed in strong state governments. They opposed the Constitution, fearing it diminished states' rights and individual liberties.

Federalism

Division of power between federal and state governments.

Supremacy Clause

Federal law overrules state laws.

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to the federal government.

10th Amendment

Powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the states.

Legislative Branch

Makes laws.

Executive Branch

Enforces laws.

Judicial Branch

Interprets laws; ensures they align with the Constitution.

Cabinet

Heads of government departments; advise the president.

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury; created national bank.

National Bank

Unified national debt; improved U.S. credit.

Elastic Clause

Gave Congress flexibility to make laws deemed necessary and proper.

Jay’s Treaty

Britain agreed to leave western forts; unresolved issues remained.

Pinckney Treaty

Spain allowed U.S. access to New Orleans; set southern boundary at 31st parallel because of disputes over land claims.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

U.S. victory over Native tribes; gained Ohio territory.

Washington’s Farewell Address

Warned against political parties and foreign alliances.

XYZ Affair

French demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats; angered Americans.

Alien & Sedition Acts

Targeted immigrants; limited speech critical of the government.

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Claimed states could nullify federal laws they believed were unconstitutional.

Monticello

Thomas Jefferson’s home; inspired by European architecture.

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Benjamin Franklin’s publication filled with wise sayings.

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Advocated separation of church and state; influenced 1st Amendment.