Vet tech Final- Exam 1

covers exam 1 material

medical record

A comprehensive document that contains a patient's medical history, treatment plans, medications, and any diagnostic results. It is used to track the health and treatment of animals in veterinary care.

Problem oriented medical record

A system that organizes a patient's medical records based on specific problems, allowing for focused treatment plans and tracking of individual health issues.

SOAP

subjective-non-measurable information (from client)

objective- measurable information (TPR)

assessment-analysis of subjective and objective data

plan- course of action for day

Components of POVMR

database, master problem list and working problem list, initial plan and progress notes, case summary and discharges

Medication administeration order record (MAOR)

A document that outlines the specific medications prescribed for a patient, including dosages and administration schedules, ensuring proper medication management and patient safety.

Controlled substance log

classified into 5 categories, separate log for category 2 drugs

Category 1 substances

Heroin, marijuana, lysergic acid diethylamide, methaqualone

Category 2 substances

pentobarbital, amphetamine, hydromorphine

Legal issues, research, and medical business information are all ______ Medical record purposes

secondary

Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of a patient are all _______ purposes of a medical record

primary

Generally, medical records are typically owned by the:

practice and the practice owner

signalment

name, species, breed, age, sex, reproductive status

Ongoing management of the veterinary patient is documented in ____ notes.

progress

Which category does the following information belong in the SOAP format?

Temperature: 101.0 F

O

Which category does the following information belong in the SOAP format?

Renal Failure

A

A vein that "stands up" on its own, has a thick cordlike feeling and mostly restricted to the perimeters of the blood vessel best describes: 

thrombosis

An arterial blood sample is used to evaluate:

pulmonary function

Which of the following is NOT an indication for bone marrow aspiration?

Patients with severe thrombocytopenia 

The most frequently used sites for IV injection in the dog are the ____ vein and ____ vein. 

cephalic; lateral saphenous

A dog presents with a bloated stomach and the veterinarian orders decompression. Before inserting the orogastric tube you measure the correct length by measuring: 

Tip of the nose to the 13th rib

Which of the following urine collection techniques is the most suitable for bacterial culture?

cystocentesis

The _____ is the most commonly used site to collect blood for a blood glucose in a diabetic animal. 

marginal ear vein

Peripheral IV catheters should be replaced every ____.

72 hours

Which of the following options is the best to obtain a bone marrow aspirate?

ilium

The five classes of immunoglobulins are IgA, IgE, IgM, IgD and _____

IgG

The nursing step process in order

assessment

planning

implementation

evaluation

IV

intravenous

-directly ito vein

-rapid absorbtion=high levels quickly

IM

intramuscular

-small volumes of medication

-faster absorption than SQ

SQ

subcutaneous

-relative rapid absorbtion in small animals

-slower absorption in obese animals

-not reccommended for severely ill or dehydrated patients

ID

intradermal

-desensitize skin with local anesthetic

-allergy skin testing

-injection site will have translucent lump

IO

Intraosseous

-needle placed directly in bone marrow cavity

-fluids, drugs, blood products

-contraindicated in septic patient

IN

intranasal

-rapid absorbtion through mucous membranes

-vaccines

IP

Intraperitoneal

-abdominal cavity

-hyper or hypothermia

-non-caustic fluids, blood products, medications

IT

intratracheal

-emergency situation CPR

-rapid absorbtion

-through endotracheal tube

-epinephrine

Colostrum is important for the newborn because it provides:

Passive immunity from the dam (mother)

An immediate hypersensitivity response to a vaccine or other stimulus that may cause respiratory arrest, cardiovascular collapse and potentially death is called:

Anaphylaxis

Acquired immunity "remembers" a pathogen allowing the immune system to respond faster during each encounter with a pathogen.

True

Which governmental agency is responsible for regulating veterinary vaccines?

USDA

The cough reflex, tears, skin, and stomach acid are examples of what type of immunity?

Innate

An adjuvant is a substance that maybe added to vaccines to improve the immune response

True

Feline Core Vaccines

-FVRCP

-Rabies

-FeLV

Canine Core vaccines

-distemper

-adenovirus

-parvovirus

-rabies

-leptospirosis

Ticks can cause:

-lyme disease

-anaplasmosis (zoonotic)

-ehrlichia

In Massachusetts the effective immune period of licensed rabies vaccines are either ___ or ___ years. 

1 or 3

The most commonly reported domestic animal infected with rabies is the: 

cat

Which of the following diseases is a part of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)?

Bordetlla Bronchiseptica

Which of the following is NOT a long term effect in dogs that have recovered from Canine Distemper virus?

Bloody diarrhea

Which of the following viral disease of dogs is resilient in the environment, is easily spread by dogs and fomites, and not easily killed by common disinfectants?

Parvovirus

Which of the following muscles is first affected in animals infected with the rabies virus?

Masseter Muscles

In which of the following canine disease are you most likely to see neurological signs?

Distemper

Which is the causative agent of Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

Adenovirus-1

Which disease that we often vaccinate for is more likely to develop into pneumonia

parainfluenza

A dog exposed to _____ is a patient that should be considered for Borrelia burgdorferi vaccination

Ticks

Shifting leg lameness is often a clinical sign associated with which canine disease:

Lyme disease

Generally speaking when comparing Canine coronavirus and Canine parvovirus which of the following statements is correct?

Generally speaking when comparing Canine coronavirus and Canine parvovirus which of the following statements is correct?

Canine coronavirus alone often produces a mild self limiting diarrhea, whereas parvo is usually much worse hemorrhagic diarrhea

Hematogenous spread has been known to occur between rabies infected animals

False

Blood vessels in dogs

cephalic, jugular, lateral saphenous

Blood vessels in cats

cephalic, jugular, medial saphenous

Jugular Catheters

-administration of fluids with greater osmality

-facilitates frequent blood draws

-measurement of central venous pressure

Thoracocentesis (indications)

-pneumothorax

-pleural effusion

-obtain fluid sample for diagnostics

Thoracocentesis (clinical signs)

-tachypnea

-open mouth breathing

-muffled heart sounds

-cyanosis

Abdominocentesis

aspiration of fluid from abdominal cavity

Abdomnocentesis (Indications)

-Hemoabdomen

-Uroabdomen

-Peritonitis

-ascites

Transtracheal Wash (indications)

-inflammation

-infectious/non-infectious causes

-parasites

Nasoesophageal tubes

-short term feeding

-8th or 9th rib

Pleural effusion

excessive fluid accumulates in the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall

Pleural effusion (indications)

-difficult breathing (dyspnea)

-tachypnea

-decreased lung sounds

pneumothorax

build up of air between lungs and chest wall

Immunity

resistance of an organism to infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion/pathogen

Antigen

-substance that the body regards as foreign

-virus, bacteria or toxin

Antibody

-protein produced by the body in response to the presense of a specific antigen

-Immunoglobins GAMED

Innate Immunity

-natural resistance

-possessed from birth

-short response time

-always active

ex: cough reflex

Adaptive Immunity

-Acquired through life

-learned response

-takes longer

-prior exposure

ex: chicken pox

Antigenicity

degree to which an antigen can stimulate an immune response

Colostrum ingestion is an example of:

passive immunity

Monovalent

contain one immune stimulating organism with or without adjuvant

Multivalent

contains mixtures of organisms with out without adjuvants

Attenuated vaccine

use weakened or modified live pathogens to stimulate immune response without causing disease. ex: DA2PP

Killed vaccine

contain a dead organism or a specific piece of an organism that is critical to the function of the disease-causing virus or bacteria. ex: Lyme vaccine

Recombinant

uses a gene of the pathogen inserted into a virus or bacterial plasmid, or a single protein alone or in combination with othe antigens

Serology

detection of antibodies in serum

Titer

quqantifying amount of antibodies

1-2-3 rule vaccine sarcomas

-mass if still growing after 1 month

-mass is greater than 2 cm in diameter

-mass persists greater than 3 months

animals get their essential amino acids from their:

Diet

Which of the following are the 6 main nutrients essential for life?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Grain free diets have been linked to heart disease in dogs. 

True

Proteins are stored in the body for later use

False

Nutritional needs of an animal depend upon:

age, activity, health status of animal

Which of the following minerals should be controlled in diets for large and giant breed puppies?

Calcium and Phosphorus

Which amino acid is essential for cats but not for dogs?

Taurine

Which supplement is commonly given to pets to improve skin health and coat condition?

Omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following will have a severe negative effect on a pets appetite

loss of sense of smell

Ash is the:

Collective mineral content of food

What does the biological value of a protein measure?

How many amino acids in the protein are usable by the animal

What is the biological value of carbohydrates in the diet?

They provide a quick and efficient source of energy for the body

_____ is the essential nutrient needed in the largest quantity

Water