Learn: Unit 1 Quiz 2 Study Guide: Macromolecules & Compounds

What is the defining characteristic of organic compounds?

They contain Carbon and Hydrogen together.

What are examples of organic compounds?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids.

What is the defining characteristic of inorganic compounds?

Carbon and Hydrogen are not together.

What are examples of inorganic compounds?

Water, Salt, and Gases.

What percentage of living things consists of water?

60-98 percent.

Why is water important for living things?

It is important for transport, chemical reactions, and is the universal solvent because nearly everything dissolves in it.

What are macromolecules?

Large structures built from hundreds of atoms or more.

What is a monomer?

One unit or building block.

What is a dimer?

Two units.

What is a polymer?

Several units joined together in long chains.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Short-term energy storage and structure in cell walls.

What shape do carbohydrates take?

Hexagonal rings.

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides (Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose).

What are the dimers of carbohydrates?

Disaccharides (Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose).

What are the polymers of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides.

What is the elemental ratio of carbohydrates?

(CHO) 1:2:1.

What is a distinctive feature of carbohydrates?

They are made by autotrophs (plants).

What is the function of lipids?

Long-term energy storage and part of the cell membrane.

What is the shape of a lipid?

Letter "E" (glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains).

What are the monomers of lipids?

Glycerol and fatty acids.

What are the polymers of lipids?

Triglycerides.

What is the hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio in lipids?

(HO) 2:1.

What is a distinctive feature of lipids?

They are hydrophobic.

What is the shape of a protein?

A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino Acids (20 types).

What are the dimers of proteins?

Dipeptides.

What are the polymers of proteins?

Proteins/polypeptides.

What elements make up proteins?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.

What determines a protein's function?

The amino acid sequence determines protein shape, which determines function.

What are the primary functions of proteins?

Hormones (insulin), Enzymes, Antibodies, Receptors, Membrane Support, Cell Structure, Muscle Contraction.

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Blueprints for every trait and protein in the body; makes up genetic code.

What makes up the shape of a nucleic acid?

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate.

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides.

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA).

What elements make up nucleic acids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus.

What are the five types of nucleotides?

Adenine, Guanine (Guinine), Cytosine (Cystonine), Thymine (DNA), and Uracil (RNA).

What dictates an individual's genetic code?

The specific order of their nucleotides.