Psych 4.1 Sleep

What is the awareness of objects and events in your external world and awareness of our internal state - of our existence and mental experiences at any given time?

Consciousness

What are the two types of consciousness?

NWC and ASC

What is the type of consciousness when an individual is awake and aware?

Normal waking consciousness

What is the type of consciousness that is distinctly different from NWC in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness?

Altered state of consciousness

What is an agreed upon description and understanding of psychological phenomena that cannot be overtly (directly) measured or observed?

Psychological construct

What is a regular and naturally occurring ASC that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli?

Sleep

What is the type of sleep characterised by rapid eye movement, ⬆ levels of brain activity and ⬇ levels of physical activity?

REM sleep

What is the type of sleep characterised by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into 3 stages?

NREM sleep

What is a sleep episode?

The full duration of time spent asleep, comprised of sleep cycles, which are multiple repeated cycles of REM and NREM sleep.

Explain the consciousness continuum.

A visual representation of the different states of consciousness that progress from lower levels of awareness to higher levels of awareness.

Explain the two types of consciousness.

NWC: An individual is awake and aware (thoughts, feelings, behaviours and internal/external events)

ASC: State of consciousness distinctly different from NWC in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness.

What is the device used to DARE in the brain?

A device used to detect, amplify and record electrical activity in the brain, often called an EEG (electroencephalogram).

What is the device used to DARE in the muscles in the body?

A device used to detect, amplify and record electrical activity in the muscles, often referred to as an EMG (electromyogram).

What is the device used to DARE in the muscles responsible for eye movement?

A device used to detect, amplify and record electrical activity in the muscles responsible for eye movement, commonly known as an EOG (electrooculogram).

What are sleep diaries?

A record for self-reported descriptions from an individual about their sleeping periods, which include their duration of sleep and their quality of sleep.

What are video recordings?

The use of camera or audio technologies to record a person as they sleep.

What is the stage of NREM sleep characterised by a transition state where the sleeper starting to lose awareness of their surroundings, but still being able to be easily woken up?

NREM stage 1

What is the stage of NREM sleep where it is believed true sleep begins, and in which the sleeper spends the majority of their time during a sleep episode?

NREM stage 2

What is the stage of NREM sleep where it is believed deep sleep occurs, it is difficult to wake the sleeper and which becomes shorter and further apart from each other as the night progresses?

NREM stage 3

What is polysomnography?

An intensive study of a sleeping person, monitoring and recording of various physiological responses of the sleeper during the course of the night.

Describe this hypnogram of an 18-year-old adult (total hours of sleep/ no. of cycles, expected or not, no. of brief wake ups, trend of REM sleep/NREM sleep throughout the night, approx. duration of one sleep cycle).

total hours of sleep (expected or not) - about 7.5 hours, expected

no. of cycles (expected or not) - 5, expected

no. of brief wake ups - 2, typical

trend of REM sleep - longer and closer together, typical

NREM sleep throughout the night - shorter and further apart, typical

approx. duration of one sleep cycle - 90 minutes, typical

Frequency and amplitude? Justify.

Highest frequency + lowest amplitude, because the individual is awake, focused and alert.

Frequency and amplitude? Justify.

High frequency + low amplitude, because the individual is closing their eyes (in N1)

Frequency and amplitude? Justify.

Low frequency + high amplitude, because the individual is closing their eyes (in N1)

Frequency and amplitude? Justify.

Lowest frequency + highest amplitude, because the individual is closing their eyes (in N1)

What is the measure of the number of complete cycles a wave completes in a second?

Frequency

What is the maximum distance a wave travels from its resting position?

Amplitude