Pysio/Histo - DNA RNA protein Gene Questions

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA→RNA→ Protein

Which nucleotide is found in RNA but not in DNA?

uracil

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

RNA polymerase

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

carries amino acids to ribosomes

Which structure of the ribosomal RNA is responsible for binding the mRNA?

smal subunit

What is the start codon for translation in mRNA?

AUG

Which of the following molecules prevents the degradation of mRNA and helps in its export from the nucleus?

poly-A tail

In DNA, what base pairs with guanine (G)?

Cytosine (C)

What is the main role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

Providing the structural framework for ribosomes

Which base pairing is correct for RNA?

A-U, G-C

What is the function of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) in chromatin remodeling?

Loosens the interaction between DNA and histones

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

DNA replication is semiconservative, with each new double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand

What does the enzyme DNA polymerase III do during replication?

Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

Which process removes introns and retains exons in mRNA?

RNA splicing

Which molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

tRNA

Which enzyme is involved in the transcription of mRNA from DNA?

RNA polymerase II

Which genetic phenomenon allows for the production of structurally related proteins from the same gene?

Alternate splicing

Which of the following occurs during transcription?

RNA is synthesized from a DNA template

Which of the following statements about the lagging strand during DNA replication is true?

It is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments

What role does the 5' cap play in mRNA?

Stabilizes mRNA and aids in ribosome recognition

What is the role of the enzyme RNA polymerase I?

Synthesizes rRNA

Which statement describes the function of DNA ligase during replication?

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Which of the following best describes a codon?

A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA that codes for an amino acid

What is the start codon for the translation of mRNA into protein?

AUG

Which molecule binds to the A-site on the ribosome during protein synthesis?

tRNA with an amino acid

Which process refers to the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template?

translation

Which of the following statements is true about prion diseases?

PrP Sc proteins resist proteolytic digestion and form aggregates.

Which of the following best describes semiconservative DNA replication?

Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand.

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing rRNA?

RNA polymerase I

Which molecule serves as the template for transcription?

DNA

What role does prion protein PrP Sc play in prion diseases?

It acts as a template to fold other prion proteins

What type of bonds connect nucleotides in a DNA or RNA strand?

Phosphodiester bonds

Which of the following is an exception to the central dogma?

Retroviruses like HIV

In DNA, the sugar is _____, whereas in RNA it is ____. DNA occurs as ___ stranded, but RNA is ____ stranded.

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, whereas in RNA it is ribose. DNA occurs as double-stranded, but RNA is single stranded.

DNA is more stable than RNA. T/F

true

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

DNA ligase

What does DNA polymerase I do during DNA replication?

Removes mismatched nucleotides and corrects errors

Release factors bind to any ribosome with a stop codon positioned in the

A-site

“Redundancy” or “degeneration” of the genetic code occurs during which of the following step of protein synthesis.

translation

Write the nucleotide of daughter DNA strand during replication if parent is represented with the follo wing nucleotide sequence 3’ ATCGTTTCATA 5’ Parent strand (DNA)

5’ TAGCAAAGTAT 3’ Daughter strand

New strand formation is ALWAYS from 5’ prime- to 3’ end.

Write the nucleotide sequence of RNA strand during transcription if DNA template strand is repres ented with the following nucleotide sequence

3’ ATCGTTTCATA 5’ strand (DNA)

5’ UAGCAAAGUAU 3’

Transcriptional activators or repressors binding to the regulatory region can affect gene transcription. T/F

true

Transcriptional activators binding to the regulatory region can …….. while Transcriptional repressors …… can affect gene transcription.

Enhances, suppress

Keeping start and stop codon in mind, identify how many amino acids will be translated theoratically if the RNA codons reas as -----

GCUAAUG ATG GAU UGG CGA GGA CCA UGA GGC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X

7