Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, diagnostic criteria, domains, causes, and treatments of neurodevelopmental disorders based on the lecture notes.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period, typically manifesting before grade school, characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Intellectual Disability

A disorder with onset during the developmental period (replacing 'Mental retardation' in the 2013 DSM-5) involving intellectual deficits and difficulty functioning in daily life across conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Conceptual Domain

A domain of adaptive functioning in Intellectual Disability that includes skills in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory.

Social Domain

A domain of adaptive functioning in Intellectual Disability that refers to empathy, social judgment, and interpersonal communication skills.

Practical Domain

A domain of adaptive functioning in Intellectual Disability that centers on self-management in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, recreation, and work tasks.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, with an age of onset raised from 7 years to 12 years.

Inattention (ADHD)

A behavioral manifestation in ADHD characterized by wandering off task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized, which is not due to defiance or lack of comprehension.

Hyperactivity (ADHD)

Excessive motor activity when it is not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping, or talkativeness, which in adults may manifest as extreme restlessness or wearing others out.

Impulsivity (ADHD)

Hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and that have high potential for harm to the individual.

Copy Number Variants (CNVs)

A genetic component listed among the causes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder alongside dopamine, serotonin, and GABA.

Ritalin

A stimulant medication used as a biological intervention for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Language Disorder

A communication disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, or sign language) due to deficits in comprehension or production of vocabulary and sentence structure.

Speech Sound Disorder

A communication disorder involving persistent difficulty with speech production that interferes with speech intelligibility and limits effective communication.

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech characterized by sound/syllable repetitions, prolongations, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, or monosyllabic whole-word repetitions.

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication, including deficits in social purpose, changing communication for listener needs, following conversation rules, and understanding implicit meaning.

Specific Learning Disorder

Difficulties learning and using academic skills (such as word reading, reading comprehension, spelling, written expression, or mathematics) with symptoms persisting for at least 6 months.

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

A motor disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior (such as head banging or self-biting) that interferes with activities and may result in injury.

Tic Disorder

A motor disorder where both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness and have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.