Benign Gynecology Practice Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key clinical guidelines, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for benign gynecological conditions, STIs, and breast health as presented in the lecture.

Dysplasia

Abnormal cellular changes identified via Pap smear screening that indicate a patient may be at risk for cervical cancer.

Squamocolumnar Junction

The specific area of the cervix where cells are obtained during a Pap smear using a cytobrush or broom.

Thinprep

A newer, more accurate but more costly method for Pap smear sampling compared to the conventional slide-and-fix method.

ACOG 2021 Pap Smear Guidelines

Cervical screening should start at age $21$ regardless of sexual activity; every $3$ years until age $29$; from age $30$ to $65$, screening is every $5$ years with co-testing ($\text{cytology} + \text{HPV}$) or HPV alone, or every $3$ years for cytology alone.

ACS 2020 Pap Smear Guidelines

No screening for ages $21$–$24$; start at $25$–$29$ with HPV alone (preferred) or co-testing every $5$ years, or cytology alone every $3$ years.

ASC-US

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; the management involves repeating the test at $6$ and $12$ months or performing HPV DNA testing.

ASC-H

Atypical squamous cells where a high-grade lesion cannot be excluded; management requires Colposcopy.

LSIL

Low-grade intraepithelial lesion, representing mild dysplasia or CIN 1; management is Colposcopy if the patient is non-pregnant.

HSIL

High-grade intraepithelial lesion, representing moderate-severe dysplasia or CIN 2/3; management includes LEEP or Colposcopy.

Colposcopy

An office procedure using a Colposcope and a light beam to collect further biopsy samples of cervical cells following an abnormal Pap smear.

Bimanual Examination

Palpation of pelvic organs using a hand in the vaginal vault and a hand on the abdomen to examine the size, contour, and shape of the uterus, bladder, and ovaries.

Rectovaginal Exam

The best technique used to palpate ovaries and rule out ovarian abnormalities such as ovarian cancer.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

The most prevalent cause of discharge, caused by increased anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella; characterized by a thin, gray, homogenous discharge and a positive Whiff test.

Clue Cells

Specific cells identified under microscopy that indicate the presence of Bacterial Vaginosis.

Strawberry Cervix

A clinical sign characterized by punctate hemorrhages on the cervix, specifically associated with Trichomoniasis.

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

Inflammation of the upper genital tract, including Endometritis, Salpingitis, and Oophoritis, often caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Primary Syphilis

Characterized by one or more painless indurated ulcers known as chancres, occurring an average of $3$ weeks after exposure.

Secondary Syphilis

Stage occuring $1$ to $2$ months after primary infection, presenting with a polymorphic maculopapular rash on the palms and soles and lymphadenopathy.

Tertiary Syphilis

Stage occurring $15$ to $30$ years after infection, involving aortitis or gummatous changes to skin, bone, or viscera.

Gail Model

A screening tool from the National Cancer Institute used to assess a woman's risk factors for breast cancer.

Mammography (ACS 2020)

Annual screening starting at age $45$, moving to biennial (every $2$ years) screening at age $55$ and continuing as long as life expectancy is at least $10$ years.

HPV-related Genital Warts Treatment

Options include topical Imiquimod $5\%$ cream, Podofilox $0.5\%$ solution, Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, or Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) $80\%$ to $90\%$, and surgical removal.