chapter 9 - adult language and cognitive communication disorders

agrammatical

having incorrect grammatical structure

alzheimer's disease

the most common type of dementia

anomia

word retrieval difficulties

anomic aphasia

a fluent aphasia that occurs because of damage to the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain and is characterized by word finding difficulties

aphasia

a language disorder that typically presents with impairments in comprehending and/or producing written and spoken language

aprosodia

deficits in comprehension and production of pitch and intonation to express emotional information

auditory cortex

an area of the brain that is responsible for recognizing auditory information

brainstem

a part of the brain that connects the brain and spinal cord and is how the brain and the rest of the body communicate

broca's aphasia

a nonfluent aphasia that results in damage to Broca's area and is characterized by slow and halted speech that is agrammatical

broca's area

an area in the frontal lobe of the brain that plays a role in language production

cerebellum

a part of the brain that sists under the cerebrum and is responsible for body positioning, maintaining balance, fine motor coordination, as well as various language abilities

cerebrum

the main part of the brain, which is divided into the left and right hemisphere and consists of four lobes

cognitive communication training

intervention that supports the cognitive processes that are important to communication

compensatory strategies

an approach to intervention that involves teaching the client strategies to help compensate for any resulting deficits

conduction aphasia

a fluent aphasia that is characterized by mild language comprehension with more severe impaired repetition, particularly repetition of multisyllabic and complex words

corpus callosum

the white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

dementia

a progressive neurocognitive disorder that results in significant decline in complex attention, executive ability, learning and memory, language and social cognition and interferes with daily functioning and independence

discourse

the exchange of ideas through verbal or written means

dysarthria

motor speech disorders in which the muscles and movements that are required for the processes associated with speech production are impacted

dysphagia

a swallowing disorder

executive functions

cognitive functions that include attention, memory, planning, and inhibition

frontal lobe

a lobe of the brain located in the front of the brain that houses the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex; important for executive functions

frontotemporal dementia

one type of dementia that occurs because of damage to neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes

functional communication training

a type of intervention that focuses on teaching communication that is most personally relevant to the individual communicator

global aphasia

a nonfluent aphasia that results from damage to much of the left hemisphere and is characterized by widespread receptive and expressive language difficulties

hemorrhagic strokes

a stroke that occurs when arteries or blood vessels burst, which causes bleeding on the exterior of the brain or inside of the brain tissues

huntington's disease

a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impacts a person's cognitive, physical, and mental abiliteis over time

impairment-based approaches

intervention approaches that focus on improving skills that have been negatively affected, also called restorative approaches

ischemic stroke

a stroke that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted due to a complete or partial block in the artery

Lewy body dementia

a type of dementia that occurs when protein deposits develop in the brain

neologisms

novel, invented words

occipital lobe

an area of the brain located in the back, above the cerebellum, and houses the visual cortex

parietal lobe

a lobe of the brain that is located behind the frontal lobe and includes the somatosensory cortex; processes sensory and visuospatial information

parkinson's disease

a progressive neurodegenerative disease that often results in tremors, stiffness, and slow movement as well as soft and slurred speech

primary progressive aphasia

a neurodegenerative condition that is not causedd by a specific event or brain injury and is associated with deficits that are solely language based, beginning with mild word finding difficulties and progressing to more severe difficulties in word retrieval and comprehension

restorative approaches

approaches to intervention that focuses on improving skills that have been negatively impacted; also called impairment based approaches

right hemisphere disorder

a cognitive communication disorder that results from damgae to the right hemisphere and is associated with deficits in nonverbal communication and social communicative skills

somatosensory cortex

an area of the brain that receives and processes sensory information; located in the parietal lobe

temporal lobe

a lobe in the brain that is located on the side and bottom of the cerebrum and contains the auditory cortex and Wernicke's area

transcortical motor aphasia

a nonfluent aphasia that results from damage to the frontal love and is characterized by challenges intiating speech spontaneously, resulting in reduced verbal output

transcortical sensory aphasia

a fluent aphasia that results in deficits in comprehension of speech, but intact repetition skills

traumatic brain injury

a brain injury that results from an external force to the head, such as a fall or an assault

visual cortex

an area of the brain that decodes incoming visual stimuli

Wernicke's aphasia

a fluent aphasia that results from damage to Wernicke's area of the brain and is characterized by impaired comprehension and speech that is smooth and effortless but contains neologism and jargon

Wernicke's area