Earth week 2

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biomagnification

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Description and Tags

Chapter 3 and 4

32 Terms

1

biomagnification

uptake of contaminants through food chain

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2

bioaccumulation

uptake through water and surroundings

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3

negative feedback loop

output that results from a system moving in one direction acts as inputs that moves the system in the other direction

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4

positive feedback loop

instead of stabilizing it drives it further toward one extreme or another

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5

dynamic equilibrium

system processes move in opposing directions at equivalent rates balancing their effects

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6

resistance

refers to the strength of the systems tendency to remain constant

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7

resilience

is a measure of how readily the system will return to its original state once it has been disturbed

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8

emergent properties

system characteristics not evident in the components alone

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9

gross primary production GPP

conversion of solar energy to the energy of chemical bonds in sugars by autotrophs

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10

Net primary production NPP

energy remaining after respiration, and is used to generate biomass, organic material of which living organisms are formed

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11

ecotones

transitional zones between two ecosystems in which elements of different ecosystems mix

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12

flux

movement of nutrients among pools, which change over time and are influenced by human activity

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13

sinks vs source

sinks accept more nutrients than they release. source release more than they accept

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14

aquifers

underground reservoirs of rock and soil that hold groundwater

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15

how much water is fresh water? how much is available?

2.8%. 0.62%

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16

how much of our atmosphere is N2

78%

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17

nitrogen fixation

nitrogen fixing bacteria fix nitrogen into ammonia

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18

nitrification

other types of specialized bacteria that convert ammonium ions first into nitrite ions (NO2) then into nitrate ions(NO3)

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19

eutrophication

very productive, blooms of algae

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20

biological evolution

genetic change in populations of organisms across generations

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21

adaptive trait

a trait that promotes reproductive success

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22

maladaptive

trait that reduces success

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23

divergent evolution

closely related species that live in different environments and thus experience different selective pressures tent to diverge in their traits

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24

convergent evolution

unrelated species may have similar traits as a result of adapting to selective pressures from similar environments

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25

biological diversity includes

their diversity of species

their genes

their populations

their habitats

their communities

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26

allopatric speciation

species formation due to physical separation of populations

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27

sympatric species

species form from populations that become reproductively isolated within the same area

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28

endemic species

a species only exists in a certain, specialized area (small population) (susceptible to extinction)

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29

specialists

narrow niches good at what they do susceptible to change

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30

generalists

broad niches that can use a wide array of habitats and resources

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31

limiting factors

water

space

food

predators

disease

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32

biotic potential

the ability of an organism to produce offspring

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