Levels of Organization of Life & Characteristics of Life Study Guide

A set of fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the levels of organization, biomolecules, organ systems, characteristics of life, and environment terminology based on the study sheet.

The complete sequence of organization from smallest to largest is Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → __________.

Organism

The smallest part of matter, containing protons and neutrons in a nucleus with electrons around it, is a(n) __________.

atom

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together form a(n) __________, such as water ($H_2O$) or carbon dioxide ($CO_2$).

molecule

Macromolecules are large organic molecules built from smaller units called monomers and always contain the element __________.

carbon

Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O in an approximate ratio of __________.

$$1:2:1$$

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, and two monosaccharides joined together form a(n) __________.

disaccharide

In plants, starch provides energy and cellulose provides structural support, whereas in animals, __________ is used for energy storage.

glycogen

Lipids are hydrophobic/nonpolar biomolecules composed of glycerol and __________.

fatty acids

Cell membranes are primarily formed by a specific lipid component called __________.

phospholipids

Proteins are macromolecules built from monomers called __________.

amino acids

Proteins that function to speed up chemical reactions are called __________.

enzymes

The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a(n) __________.

nitrogen base

While DNA stores genetic information, __________ helps cells build proteins.

RNA

Inside a cell, mitochondria release energy, chloroplasts capture light, and __________ make proteins.

ribosomes

The basic/smallest unit of life where life begins is the __________.

cell

Tissue that covers and lines body surfaces is classified as __________ tissue.

epithelial

Connective tissue joins, supports, protects, pads, and insulates; two examples of connective tissue are tendons and __________.

ligaments

A structure composed of two or more tissue types working together for a body function is a(n) __________.

organ

The digestive system includes organs such as the mouth, throat, stomach, intestines, liver, and __________.

pancreas

The characteristic of life involving the release of energy from food is called __________.

respiration

Coordinating activities to keep internal conditions balanced describes the life characteristic of __________ / regulation.

control

The characteristic of life that involves removing waste from the body is __________.

excretion

Nonliving components of an environment, such as weather, sunlight, wind, rocks, and man-made objects, are referred to as __________ factors.

abiotic

Biotic factors include living parts as well as once-living biological materials such as teeth, bones, wood, and __________.

fossils

The prefix a- means 'not/without', and the prefix bio- means '__________'.

life