3.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

• Bose-Einstein condensate

States of matter

strong

solid and liquid particles have (weak/strong) forces of attraction between them, so they cling or group together. Thus, they are visible.

all matter is made up of particles

what is atomic theory

kinetic molecular theory

explains why the states of matter differ in movements and arrangement

solid state

has a definite volume and definite shape

expand

most solids — very slightly when heated

plasma

is a gaseous state of matter in which a part or all of the atoms or molecules are stripped off of electrons forming positive ions and negative electrons

plasma

gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons characterizes this

plasma

is the most common form of matter in the universe but the least common on earth

plasma

sun and the other stars are composed of —

• low pressure gas

• fluorescent light tubes

• lightning bolts

• welding arcs

• fireballs

partial plasma can be created by applying an electric field to

auroras

are atmospheric disturbances caused by the presence of low density plasma

auroras

green and red flames of light stretching across the sky

aurora borealis or northern light

aurora that occurs in the earth’s northern hemisphere

aurora australis

auroras that occur in the southern hemisphere

bose-einstein condensate

fifth state of matter

Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose

bose-einstein condensate is derived from the names of — —

BCE

in —, matter stops behaving as independent particles