diffusion and active transport (seperate)
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25 Terms
Diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration gradient
Difference between concentrationin different areas.
3 places where diffusion is used in the body
Kidneys, capillaries, intestines.
Rate of diffusion is affected by
Temperature, surface area, and concentration gradient
Volume to surface area ratio =
The size of surface area vs the volume of substance
The smaller something is, the surface area:volume ratio will be
Larger
How is the small intestine adapted for diffusion
Long, large surface area
Thin walls, small diffusion distance
Vili increase surface area
Plentiful supply of blood ensures concentration gradient is steep
Osmosis
The movement of WATER from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis is a type of
Diffusion
When a solution has low concentration or is “dilute”
It has a high concentration of water
When a solution has a high concentration
It has a low concentration of water.
Osmosis will digfuse to wherever there is less
Water.
Hypertonic
More concentrated solution outside than inside cells
Isotonic
Same concentration of solution inside as outside a cell
Hypotonic
More concentrated solution is inside the cells
When too full, cells can
Burst
Active transport
Moving substance from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution( against the concentration gradient) .
The energy required for active transport is produced in
Respiration
1st stage of mitosis
Replication of DNA, all genetic info doubles
2nd stage of mitosis
Every thing in the cell replicates eg the organelles
3rd stage mitosis
The cell and the cytoplasm splits in two and forms new membrane
Mitosis
Cell division
3rd stage of mitosis ( cell cytoplasm splitting) is called
Cytokenisis
When genetic info in cells doubles in mitosis, the 46 chromosomes become
92 chromosomes
Although the amount of chromosomes double in mitosis, the amount of chromatids
Remains the same.