Acids and Bases Notecards

What does it mean for an Acid or Base to be strong?

A strong acid or base completely dissociates in solution

What does it mean for an Acid or Base to be weak?

A weak acid or base only partially dissociates in solution.

Acids taste _____.

Sour

Bases taste _____.

Bitter

Acids indicate as the color ____.

Red

Bases indicate as the color ____.

Blue

Acids react with bases to produce 2 things:

1. Water

2. Salt

Define Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons (H+ ions) per molecule in a chemical reaction.

Define Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three protons (H+ ions) per molecule in a chemical reaction.

Strong acids dissolve: A. Quickly or B. Slowly

A. Quickly

Weak acids dissolve…

Slowly, and are not fully ionized in solution.

Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel…

Slippery, and can cause skin irritation.

The 3 important strong acids are…

1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

2. Nitric Acid (HNO3)

3. Sulfiric Acid (H2SO3)

The 3 important weak acids are…

1. Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

2. Nitrous Acid (HNO2)

3. Sulfurous Acid (H2SO3)

What is the most important weak base?

Ammonia NH3

What does pH stand for

"potential of hydrogen"

Define Bronsted-Lowry definitions for both Acids and Bases

• Acids are proton (hydrogen ion) donors.

• Bases are proton (hydrogen ion) acceptors.

In the equation, identify the conjugate base and acid: HF(aq) + H₂O(l) ^---> F^-(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

Conjugate Base: F^-(aq) Conjugate Acid: H₃O⁺(aq)

In the equation, identify the conjugate base and acid:

HCl(aq) + H₂O(l)  ^--->    H₃O⁺(aq)     +    Cl^-(aq)

Conjugate Acid: H₃O⁺(aq) Conjugate Base: Cl^-(aq)

Ionizing Constant of water at 25

K_w = [H₃O⁺][OH^-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 M²