APEURO

Renaissance

- period where contributions in literature, art, philosophy, political & historical were made to the W. civilization
- idea to "revive" a better culture
- think of it as a rebirth of their IDEA of greece & rome classical culture

Individualism

- born during renaissance

- people wanting their own credit for their achievements

- DIFF from medieval idea of all glory going to God

Holy Roman Empire

empire in central and western europe

Popolo

- "the people"

- urban underclass italy

Ciompi Revolt

- revolt in Florence where the poor took over the government due to dissatisfaction w/ the political and economic rule

the Medici

- wealthy family that dominated florence/venice

- got their $$ thru banking

Papal States

- territories in italy under the rule of the Pope

5 dominant states Italy

1. Florence

2. Milan

3. Venice

4. Papal States

5. Naples (kingdom of naples)

Patron

- wealthy merchants became merchants to arts

- gave financial support

Humanism

- belief system that value traits like reason & rely on science to explain the way things are

- believe it's possible to live an ethical life W/O following a religion or god

Francesco Petrarch

- known as father of humanism

- rediscovered Cicero's letters --> they revealed personality of ancient romans

- made the term "Dark Ages" (said it was a cultural decline)

- INFLUENCED a shift towards human experience value & individual achievement

- did not reject christianity

Civic humanists

-group of wealthy young Florentines inspired by Petrach

- used their own classical education for the public good --> served as diplomats

Castiglione

wrote "The Courtier" -> said "renaissance man" is one that knows several languages, familiar w/ classical literature, and skilled in arts

Lorenzo Valla

- realized that languages can tell history

- noticed that 'fief' was used in a Costantinople document -> was like not possible bc fiefs and constat. are 400 years apart

Leonardo Bruni

- established educational program for women to read and write

- he left out stuff like public speech b/c women has no use of it

Christine de Pisan

- daughter of King Charles V

- wrote "City of Ladies" (1405) to argue that women werent inferior to men

High Renaissance

- center of Renaissance moved from Florence to Rome

- popes were interested in the arts to beautify the palaces

Late Renaissance/ Mannerism

- end of High renaissance when art began to shift toward distorted figures & confusing themes

--> might reflect italy's religious & political crisis

Leo da Vinci

(1452-1520)

Mona Lisa

Raphael

(1483-1520)

The School of Athens (the one of plato & artistotle) -> High Renaissance Art

Michaelangelo

1475-1564

- sculpted David

- worked in Sistine Chapel

Christian Humanists

- Northern Renaissance where it was more of a religious movement

- ppl critisized church to find ways to better the church