Fall 2022

9°N

(For lllumina sequencing): Name the DNA polymerase used _____

fluorophore on base 3’ blocking group

(For lllumina sequencing): Describe the modifications to the nucleotides used in lllumina sequencing.

5’ ; 3’

For nick translation, DNA polymerase I has a __ to __ exonuclease

RNA primers

The enzyme primase in E. coli synthesizes _______

Epsilon (ε)

The subunit of DNA polymerase lll that is responsible for proofreading is ______

Okasaki fragments

__________ are short pieces of DNA that are initially synthesized on the lagging strand during replication

5’ 7-methylguanosine cap; 3’ poly A tail

The Pfizer COVID vaccines use mRNA that codes for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. What components of the mRNA are required for the mRNA to bind to the ribosome and be efficiently translated in human (eukaryotic) cells?

Phosphatidylcholine

Identify this lipid nanoparticle

Cholesterol

Identify this lipid nanoparticle

p (rho)

_________ is a protein that terminates transcription in prokaryotes

TATA box or Inr

_________ is a eukaryotic promoter element.

σ⁷⁰

______ subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase helps the polymerase bind to the Pribnow box

II

RNA polymerase __ is the eukaryotic RNA polymerase that synthesizes mRNA

Reverse transcriptase

____________________ is an enzyme that HIV can use to make double stranded DNA from an RNA template

60S; 40S

The 80S ribosome is composed of a ____ large subunit and a ____ small subunit.

28S

____ rRNA of the eukaryotic ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation

Tu

Elongation factor ___ is required to deliver an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome

ATP

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases use _____ hydrolysis to attach an amino acid to a IRNA.

formylmethionine

The first amino acid in prokaryotic proteins is _______

AUG

The initiation or start codon is _______

UAA; UAG; UGA

The stop codons are _______ ______ ______

Plasmid coding for Cas 9 + sgRNA (to bind to the target) and gene transforms cells by electroporation

Cas 9 + sgRNA complex finds target DNA containing a PAM sequence

Cas 9 makes a double stranded cut in DNA and the cell repairs DNA by nonhomologous end joining → insertion or deletion mutation

Describe how to use CRISPR gene editing to knock out (delete)a gene

restriction sites

Domestication of the standard DNA fragments involves removal of internal _______________

IIS

Golden Gate cloning uses type ____ restriction endonucleases

T4

_____ ligase is used to join the DNA fragments

Type IIS restriction enzymes create a single stranded overhangs outside of the restriction site. These can be designed so 3’ overhang of one fragment anneals with 5’ overhang of the next

Describe the aspect of Golden Gate cloning that ensures that the DNA fragments assemble into the correct order in the vector

Taq

_______ is the DNA polymerase used for PCR.

RISC

______ is a protein complex that binds siRNAs and uses them to degrade complementary mRNAs

reverse transcriptase; DNA polymerase I

_______________ and ______________ are the enzymes used to make cDNAs from mRNAs

multiple cloning sites

__________ is a sequence of DNA in a vector that contains many restriction sites

8 transmembrane alpha- helices

what does this plot tell you about the structure of this cobalt transporter?

Outside of the cell

For membrane proteins, carbohydrate is covalently attached on the part of the protein

Fatty acid; farnesyl; GPI

Name 3 lipid anchors for membrane proteins.