MicroBio Exam 3- viruses

viruses

In order for a virus to multiply what is needed?

A host

What specifically infect and replicate within Bacteria

A bacteriophage

what considered a Naked Viruses

Lacking an envelope 

What do enveloped virus contain 

Spikes

Lipid Bilayer envelope protein capsid 

Viruses can possess double-stranded or single stranded DNA or RNA.

True

what is a helical virus

hollow, cylindrical capsid

many-sided describes what

polyhedral

what does Enveloped contain

has an extra coat/layer

describe complex

structures that do not fit neatly into helical or polyhedral

What is the routes of transmission describe

the names of viruses

Plaques are formed from what

Bacteriophages

Animal viruses are grown where?

Embryonated eggs

living animals

 Cell cultures

How do you ID a virus?

PCR testing

What test can you use to ID viruses

Nucleic Acid analysis

serological test 

cytopathic effects 

What is the term used for when Viruses are outside the cell?

Inert

How do Virus multiply?

Must invade host cell and take over the host metabolic memory

Describe one step growth curve

1. Attachment 

2. penetration 

3. biosynthesis 

4. maturation 

5. release 

What is needed for escape the host cell

enzymes

Describe lysogenic cycle

a prophage to insert DNA, such that when the cell replicates
its chromosome, it also replicates the bacteriophage DNA. A trigger, such as
environmental stressors, shifts the virus into the lytic cycle

What cycle is fast and aggressive?

The Lytic cycle

What is the goal of the lysogenic cycle?

Viral DNA intergrades into host genome and stays dormant 

where can prophage be found?

Incorporation of viral DNA

Incorporation of animal cells is called what

provirus

Explain +/sense

A viral RNA sense as a transcript for translation

What does -/ antisense mean

Viral RNA is transcribes then serves as a transcript for protein synthesis

Describe RNA viruses

Either +/sense or -/antisense

double stranded

Is DNA or RNA more contagious and why?

RNA virus are more contagious due to maturing faster 

what is needed to convert RNA to DNA

Transcriptase

What is oncogenic viruses?

A transformed cell that harbors a tumor specific transplant antigen on the surface

How are Oncogenic Viruses produces

integrates into host cells DNA and introduce tumors

What is a latent virus

a virus that enters a host cell and remains dormant for a period of time, without actively replicating or causing symptoms

Name two type of latent viruses

cold sore or shingles

What causes latent viruses

Stress or immune suppression

What is herd immunity

Wide spread of vaccination protecting a population 

How do you achieve herd immunity

enough people need to be vaccinated in order to limit the disease spread among the unvaccinated 

Describe Prions

Infections misfolded proteins that can be inherited or transmitted

where are prions found

in the brain

What is more protected from diseases due to their cell wall 

plants 

Describe Viroids 

short pieces of naked RNA 

What are plants affected by

Viroids 

What do viruses react with

antibodies by western blotting

True or False: Lysogenic viruses make their host immune to superinfection.

True

What is a virion

Infective form of a virus outside a host cell