Day 1 things to review

phonetics

the scientific study of human speech sounds

phonology

how languages organize speech sounds and sign components in the mind to build words and change meaning

Phoneme

the smallest unit of sound in a spoken language that can change the meaning of a word

grapheme/letter

Functional spelling units that can be one, two, three, or four letters long (like t, sh, or igh)

approximant

a consonant sound produced by bringing two articulators close together without creating enough friction to produce a turbulent sound

Lateral Approximate

a consonant sound produced when air flows freely along the sides of the tongue, while the center of the tongue blocks air from passing straight through the middle of the mouth

/ɜ/

err (worm/bird)

/ɜ/ place, manner, voicing

Place: postalveolar manner: fricative voiced

/ʃ/ p,m,v

Place: postalveolar manner: fricative voiceless

t͡ʃ

chair, teacher, catch

t͡ʃ p,m, v

place: postalveolar manner: affricate voiceless

d͡ʒ

basically j (jump,age)

d͡ʒ p,m,v

place: postalveolar manner: affricate voiced

ŋ

n +g ng like in End position: Sing, ring, long, song, wing

• Middle position: Singer, finger, ringing, hanger, longer [1, 2, 3]

ŋ p,m,v

place: velar manner: nasal Voiced

/j/

y as in yes and you

/j/ p,m,v

palatal, approximate voiced

/w/ p,m,v

place: labial-velar, approximant voiced