Lecture 2: Anatomy of Associated Oral Structures

What glands drain directly into the oral cavity through a papilla to keep it moist and aid in mastication of food?

salivary gland

What is the difference between the major and minor salivary glands?

Minor glands produce mucoid secretions, while major ones produce serious fluid secretions

What are the three pairs of major salivary glands?

▪ Parotid Salivary Gland

▪ Zygomatic Salivary Gland

▪ Mandibular Salivary Gland

What are these structures?

1. parotid salivary gland

2. parotid duct

3. mandibular salivary gland

4. mandibular lymph nodes

What structure should you be cautious of during oral surgery / surgical extraction of the PM4 and M1?

avoid transecting the parotid duct and ducts of the zygomatic salivary gland

What are these structures?

1. polystomatic sublinqual salivary glands

2. zygomatic salivary gland

3. ducts of zygomatic salivary gland - open near 1st and 2nd maxillary molars

4. parotid duct – opens near maxillary 4th premolar

5. parotid salivary gland

6. mandibular salivary gland

7. sublingual caruncle

8. sublingual salivary duct – opens on the sublingual caruncle

9. monostomatic sublingual salivary gland

10. caudal part of monostomatic sublinqual salivary gland

11.mandibular salivary duct – opens on the sublingual caruncle

What are these structures?

1. Parotid gland

2. Parotid duct

3. Mandibular gland

4. Mandibular duct

5. Caudal portion of compact sublingual gland

6. Rostral portion of compact sublingual gland

7. Sublingual duct

8. Zygomatic gland

What are these structures?

1. Parotid duct. Cut

3. Parotid gland

4. Mandibular gland

6. Mandibular duct

7. Sublingual duct

8. Zygomatic salivary gland

What is the top arrow indicating in this feline mouth? The tooth with the arrow is 409.

lingual molar salivary gland

What structure may be commonly confused for an abnormal structure, and should be avoided during surgical extraction of the 1st mandibular molar tooth in cats?

lingual molar salivary gland

What is the clinical significance of these skeletal landmarks?

landmark for caudal maxillary nerve block

What are these structures?

1. Infraorbital Foramen

2. Orbit

3. Zygomatic Arch

4. Mental Foramen

5. Temporomandibular Joint

5”angular process of mandible

C Canine tooth

P4 upper fourth premolar

What are these two arrows indicating and what are their clinical significance?

top: infraorbital foramen

bottom: middle mental foramen

clin sig: sites of nerve blocks

What is the site of the inferior alveolar nerve block?

mandibular foramen

What is this structure and what is its clinical significance?

palatine fissure

it allows you to recognize the maxilla on radiographs

What is the clinical significance of the mandibular symphysis?

• The left and right mandibles are joined by a fibrocartilagenous synchondrosis (the mandibular symphysis).

• Normal radiolucent line.

• Some degree of mobility is normal depending on age and breed

What is this structure and what is its clinical significance?

mandibular canal

• Recognize mandible on radiographs.

• Aware of location of major blood/nerve supply during surgical extraction of mandibular teeth.

What are these nerves that are commonly blocked for dental procedures for pain management?

5. maxillary nerve (green)

6. infraorbital nerve (red)

19. inferior alveolar nerve (purple)

19” mental nerve (blue)

What branch of the maxillary artery courses through the mandibular foramen and canal to supply the mandibular teeth and bone?

inferior alveolar artery

How does the inferior alveolar artery branch off?

into 3 mental branches (course through caudal, middle and rostral mental foramena) – may encounter when performing surgical extraction of mandibular canine teeth

What branch of the maxillary artery supply hard and soft palate, periosteum, and alveolar bone of maxillary teeth?

major and minor palatine arteries

What branch of the maxillary artery is a continuation of the maxillary artery that emerges from the infraorbital canal and has several branching alveolar arteries that supply the maxillary teeth?

infraorbital artery