27/6/2025-Cam 14- Saving bugs to find new drugs

bug

A small insect, often harmful.

insect, pest, beetle, critter, vermin, creepy-crawly, parasite, gnat

The bug bit me on the leg. Con bọ cắn tôi vào chân.

a tiny creature that may cause irritation or harm

software bug, bed bug, bug bite

Use in Writing Task 2 when discussing disease or agriculture.

potential

The ability or capacity to develop.

possibility, prospect, capability, capacity, promise, aptitude, chance, ability

She has great potential in science. Cô ấy có tiềm năng lớn trong lĩnh vực khoa học.

the chance of becoming something greater

human potential, potential threat, potential benefit

Good for Task 2 or Speaking when talking about opportunities or risks.

pharmaceutical

Relating to medicinal drugs.

medicinal, medical, therapeutic, curative, healing, remedial, clinical, drug-related

Pharmaceutical companies develop new drugs. Các công ty dược phẩm phát triển thuốc mới.

related to medicine or the drug industry

pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical products

Use in Writing Task 2 (healthcare topic).

derive

To get something from a source.

originate, come from, develop, obtain, draw from, extract, descend, stem

Many medicines are derived from plants. Nhiều loại thuốc có nguồn gốc từ thực vật.

be taken or obtained from something else

derive benefit, derive energy, derive meaning

Useful in academic writing when discussing origins or sources.

compound

A substance formed from two or more elements.

complex, mixture, mix, combination, blend, fusion, amalgam, substance

The compound has both healing and soothing properties. Hợp chất này có cả đặc tính chữa bệnh và làm dịu.

a mix of elements

chemical compound, organic compound, compound effect

Common in Task 1 (processes) and Task 2 (science topics).

look to sb for sth

To rely on someone for help or support.

depend on, rely on, expect from, hope for, trust, request, seek, count on

Children often look to their parents for guidance. Trẻ em thường trông đợi cha mẹ hướng dẫn.

expect someone to provide something

look to leaders, look to others for help

Good in Speaking Part 3 when discussing support and relationships.

soothing

Reducing pain, discomfort, or distress.

reducing, alleviating, lessening, easing, calming, relaxing, comforting, sedating

She applied a soothing cream to the burn. Cô ấy bôi kem làm dịu vết bỏng.

making something feel better

soothing music, soothing voice, soothing effect

Useful when describing emotions or reactions in Speaking.

curing

Healing or making someone healthy again.

healing, treating, alleviating, restoring, recovering, mending, remedying, rehabilitating

The new drug is effective in curing the infection. Loại thuốc mới này hiệu quả trong việc chữa nhiễm trùng.

making a disease go away

curing disease, curing pain, miracle cure

Common in health-related writing and speaking.

ailment

A minor illness or disorder.

disease, illness, sickness, condition, disorder, complaint, infection, problem

He suffers from a chronic ailment. Anh ấy bị một căn bệnh mãn tính.

a minor but persistent illness

chronic ailment, minor ailment, common ailment

Use in both Task 2 (health topic) and Speaking Part 2 (personal stories).

primate

A mammal of the order that includes monkeys and humans.

monkey, ape, human, chimpanzee, gorilla, baboon, orangutan, lemur

Humans are the most intelligent primates. Con người là loài linh trưởng thông minh nhất.

animals related to humans like monkeys

primate species, primate research, primate behavior

Useful in science or biology topics.

rub

To apply something by moving it against a surface.

apply, smear, spread, massage, coat, polish, wipe, brush

She rubbed lotion on her arms. Cô ấy xoa kem lên tay.

apply something with motion

rub in, rub down, rub against

Use in process descriptions or daily routines.

toxin

A poisonous substance.

poison, venom, contaminant, pollutant, chemical, irritant, harmful agent, biohazard

The food contained deadly toxins. Thức ăn có chứa chất độc chết người.

a harmful chemical or substance

release toxins, toxin level, natural toxins

Useful for environmental or health-related writing.

ooze

To slowly leak or flow out.

drip, leak, exude, seep, trickle, discharge, bleed, flow

The tree oozed a sticky sap. Cây tiết ra nhựa dính.

slowly flow or leak out

ooze out, ooze from, ooze liquid

Descriptive verbs for writing task 1 (natural processes).

millipede

A long insect with many legs.

arthropod, invertebrate, creepy-crawly, centipede, bug, creature, crawler, insect

The millipede curled up when touched. Con cuốn chiếu cuộn lại khi bị chạm vào.

a long-legged worm-like insect

poisonous millipede, millipede species

Can appear in biology-related reading.

deter

To prevent or discourage.

prevent, discourage, hinder, stop, dissuade, avert, restrain, obstruct

High prices deter many buyers. Giá cao làm nản lòng nhiều người mua.

make someone not want to do something

deter crime, deter action, deterrent effect

Useful in discussing crime or policy (Task 2).

noxious

Harmful, poisonous, or unpleasant.

toxic, lethal, harmful, deadly, poisonous, dangerous, nasty, injurious

Noxious fumes filled the room. Khói độc hại tràn ngập căn phòng.

very harmful or toxic

noxious gas, noxious environment

Use when describing pollution, chemicals, or dangers.

to rid themselves of

To free or remove from something unwanted.

overcome, eliminate, get rid of, discard, clear out, cleanse, remove, banish

He tried to rid himself of bad habits. Anh ấy cố gắng từ bỏ thói quen xấu.

remove something unwanted

rid of disease, rid of fear, rid themselves of habits

Use when discussing solutions or lifestyle in essays.

intestinal

Related to the intestines.

digestive, gut-related, abdominal, gastric, bowel, visceral, colon-related, enteric

Intestinal problems are common in children. Vấn đề về ruột thường gặp ở trẻ em.

related to digestive system

intestinal pain, intestinal tract, intestinal bacteria

Useful in medical IELTS reading/listening.

parasite

An organism that lives off another.

leech, freeloader, hanger-on, bloodsucker, pest, mooch, sponger, dependent

The parasite feeds on its host. Ký sinh trùng sống nhờ vật chủ.

an organism that exploits another

intestinal parasite, parasite infection, parasite removal

Appears in science/health topics.

ancient

Belonging to the distant past.

earliest, primeval, prehistoric, age-old, archaic, old, antique, traditional

Ancient civilizations built pyramids. Nền văn minh cổ đại xây kim tự tháp.

very old or from the past

ancient times, ancient ruins, ancient beliefs

Use in historical or cultural discussions.

ancestor

A person from whom one is descended.

forefather, predecessor, forebear, progenitor, originator, predecessor, primogenitor, patriarch

He studied his ancestors' history. Anh ấy nghiên cứu lịch sử tổ tiên.

a family member from long ago

distant ancestor, common ancestor, ancient ancestor

Common in speaking/writing when discussing history or family.

grasp

Understanding or comprehension.

understanding, knowledge, awareness, perception, insight, comprehension, sense, recognition

His grasp of the subject is impressive. Sự hiểu biết của anh ấy về chủ đề này rất ấn tượng.

mental hold or understanding

firm grasp, grasp of reality, grasp concept

Good for Task 2 or Part 3 when discussing ideas or knowledge.

build on

use your achievements as a base for further development

base on, rely on, develop from, expand on, use, draw from, rest on, depend on

We will build on our previous success. Chúng tôi sẽ phát triển dựa trên thành công trước đây.

continue developing from what already exists

build on knowledge, build on skills Use in IELTS Writing Task 2 to show progress or solutions.

foundation

the base or groundwork of something

basis, groundwork, base, underpinning, core, support, root, bedrock

Education is the foundation of success. Giáo dục là nền tảng của thành công.

starting point or core of something

strong foundation, lay the foundation, solid foundation Useful for Writing Task 2 (education, science).

perfect (v)

to make something as good as possible

refine, improve, enhance, develop, optimize, master, fine-tune, top off

She worked hard to perfect her skills. Cô ấy đã cố gắng hoàn thiện kỹ năng của mình.

make something the best it can be

perfect a technique, perfect a method Can be used in Task 1 process or Task 2 solutions.

extraction

the act of taking something out

removal, withdrawal, derivation, obtainment, taking out, mining, pulling out, distillation

Oil extraction damages the environment. Việc khai thác dầu gây hại cho môi trường.

pulling or removing something from a source

oil extraction, data extraction, tooth extraction Useful for describing processes (Task 1).

characterisation

describing the features or qualities of something

description, depiction, representation, classification, portrayal, categorisation, analysis, profiling

The novel offers a deep characterisation. Tiểu thuyết cung cấp một miêu tả nhân vật sâu sắc.

outlining or analyzing traits

accurate characterisation, scientific characterisation Task 2: literature, media, science topics.

modification

a small change or adjustment

alteration, adjustment, change, variation, tweak, revision, adaptation, refinement

The plan needs slight modification. Kế hoạch cần một số điều chỉnh nhỏ.

minor change for improvement

modify behavior, make modifications, slight modification Task 2: solutions, education, environment.

laboratory

place for scientific research or testing

lab, research center, test facility, experimental room, science room, clinical room, testing site, lab space

He works in a genetics laboratory. Anh ấy làm việc trong phòng thí nghiệm di truyền.

scientific room for experiments

laboratory experiments, laboratory-based research Common in Task 1 (science data).

from scratch

from the beginning without any prior advantage

from zero, from the ground up, anew, initially, from the start, from nothing, afresh, square one

They built the business from scratch. Họ xây dựng doanh nghiệp từ đầu.

without using anything that existed before

start from scratch, build from scratch Useful in personal experiences (Speaking Part 2).

shift

change in position, direction, or tendency

move, change, transition, alteration, modification, swing, displacement, switch

There's been a shift in public opinion. Có một sự thay đổi trong dư luận.

movement from one state to another

paradigm shift, shift in mindset, policy shift Good for Task 2 ideas and developments.

promising

showing signs of future success

hopeful, encouraging, bright, optimistic, favorable, positive, budding, #disappointing

She's a promising young scientist. Cô ấy là một nhà khoa học trẻ đầy triển vọng.

likely to succeed or improve

promising start, promising future Speaking/Task 2 when describing potential.

far from easy

very difficult

challenging, tough, hard, demanding, complex, burdensome, strenuous, #simple, #easy

Climbing Everest is far from easy. Leo núi Everest không hề dễ dàng.

extremely hard or complicated

far from simple, far from ideal Useful in Speaking Part 3 for emphasizing challenges.

secure

to make safe or obtain something

protect, safeguard, lock, acquire, get, obtain, ensure, anchor

He tried to secure a job. Anh ấy cố gắng đảm bảo một công việc.

to make something safe or certain

secure a position, secure funding, secure data Task 2 topics: job, safety, security.

sufficient

enough for a particular purpose

adequate, ample, plenty, acceptable, satisfactory, enough, #inadequate, #scarce

They had sufficient food. Họ có đủ thức ăn.

the required amount

sufficient evidence, sufficient resources Useful in Writing Task 2 – support your argument.

organism

a living thing

creature, life form, living thing, being, entity, animal, plant, cell

Bacteria are single-cell organisms. Vi khuẩn là sinh vật đơn bào.

any living thing

multicellular organism, human organism Task 2 & 1 Science-related context.

in question

being discussed or considered

under discussion, being considered, at issue, in dispute, on the table, addressed, on point, on topic

The topic in question is climate change. Vấn đề đang được bàn luận là biến đổi khí hậu.

currently being referred to

subject in question, person in question Formal, useful in essays (Writing Task 2).

isolate

to separate from others

separate, detach, segregate, disconnect, quarantine, exclude, insulate, #include

They isolated the virus. Họ đã cô lập virus.

set apart from others

isolate data, isolate a problem Common in science/medicine Task 1 or 2.

characterise

to describe or show the qualities of something

depict, define, describe, identify, distinguish, exemplify, portray, represent

Her actions characterise true leadership. Hành động của cô ấy mô tả đúng bản chất lãnh đạo.

to mark or define something

characterise behavior, characterise approach Useful in Speaking and Writing Task 2.

hurdle

an obstacle or difficulty

obstacle, barrier, challenge, difficulty, block, snag, obstruction, complication

Lack of funding is a big hurdle. Thiếu vốn là một trở ngại lớn.

something preventing progress

overcome a hurdle, major hurdle Useful for expressing problems (Task 2).

laboratory-based drug

drugs developed in a lab

synthetic drug, chemical-based drug, man-made drug, artificial drug, formulated medicine, lab drug, manufactured medicine, tested drug

This is a laboratory-based drug. Đây là một loại thuốc được phát triển trong phòng thí nghiệm.

drug created and tested in lab conditions

laboratory-based treatment, drug development Task 2 health/innovation topics.

varying

changing in nature, form, or amount

changing, shifting, altering, changeable, erratic, fluctuating, inconsistent, unstable

Temperatures have been varying greatly this week. / Nhiệt độ thay đổi nhiều trong tuần này.

not staying the same

varying degrees, varying levels, vary in size

Use in writing to describe change in trends or data

prompt

cause or bring about (an action or feeling)

stimulate, urge, encourage, provoke, inspire, motivate, incite, trigger

The accident prompted new safety regulations. / Tai nạn đã thúc đẩy quy định an toàn mới.

to provoke or inspire

prompt response, prompt action, prompt sb to do sth

Common in Writing Task 2 when discussing causes or solutions

approach

a way of dealing with something

method, methodology, tactic, strategy, plan, technique, procedure, framework

This approach is more effective. / Cách tiếp cận này hiệu quả hơn.

method or way

adopt an approach, take a new approach, strategic approach

Useful in both Speaking and Writing when presenting your opinion or plan

mine

to dig into the earth for minerals

excavate, dig, extract, unearth, quarry, bore, tunnel, exploit

They mined coal for decades. / Họ đã khai thác than trong nhiều thập kỷ.

to extract resources from the earth

mine for gold, coal mining, mine shaft

Common in reading passages about natural resources or industries

genome

complete set of genes in an organism

genetic code, DNA sequence, hereditary map, chromosomal info, gene pool, DNA blueprint

The human genome is complex. / Bộ gen của con người rất phức tạp.

entire genetic material

genome project, mapping the genome, human genome

Appears in academic science or health-related texts

compound

a substance formed from two or more elements

combination, mixture, complex, blend, fusion, integration, amalgam, synthesis

Salt is a chemical compound. / Muối là một hợp chất hóa học.

a blend of elements

chemical compound, compound interest, compound sentence

Useful in Writing Task 1 (process, science) or Reading with academic articles

barely

by a very small margin; almost not

hardly, just, only, just about, scarcely, almost not, nearly, narrowly

He barely passed the exam. / Anh ấy chỉ vừa đủ để qua kỳ thi.

only just

barely visible, barely enough, barely noticeable

Use to show contrast or weak evidence in Writing/Speaking

scratch the surface

to deal with only a small part of something

touch lightly, barely begin, approach superficially, introductory level, skim, overview, dip into

We’ve only scratched the surface of the issue. / Chúng tôi mới chỉ chạm tới bề nổi của vấn đề.

only a shallow understanding

just scratch the surface, not even scratch the surface

Great idiom for Speaking Part 3 when expressing complex ideas

molecular

relating to molecules

atomic, chemical, microscopic, biochemical, elemental, particle-based, subatomic, structural

Molecular biology is a key science. / Sinh học phân tử là một ngành khoa học quan trọng.

related to the smallest chemical units

molecular structure, molecular biology, molecular level

Appears in academic readings or Writing Task 2 about science

diversity

the state of being diverse

variety, range, assortment, multiplicity, difference, heterogeneity, mix, spectrum

Biodiversity refers to the diversity of life. / Đa dạng sinh học là sự phong phú của sự sống.

wide range

cultural diversity, biodiversity, diversity of opinion

Use in Writing Task 2 for arguments about education, environment, culture

looming

appearing as a threat

threatening, alarming, frightening, scary, upcoming, approaching, impending, menacing

A looming crisis threatens the region. / Một cuộc khủng hoảng sắp tới đe dọa khu vực.

coming and threatening

looming crisis, looming deadline, looming threat

Excellent for Writing when talking about future challenges or risks

crisis (pl. crises)

a time of intense difficulty or danger

disaster, catastrophe, trouble, emergency, calamity, turmoil, breakdown, chaos

The country is in crisis. / Đất nước đang trong khủng hoảng.

a critical or dangerous situation

economic crisis, financial crisis, health crisis

Use for cause/problem discussion in Writing Task 2

antibiotic

drug that fights bacterial infections

antibacterial, medicine, drug, penicillin, antimicrobial, treatment, cure, therapeutic agent

He was prescribed an antibiotic. / Anh ấy được kê thuốc kháng sinh.

medicine to kill bacteria

antibiotic resistance, antibiotic treatment, take antibiotics

Common in science topics and health-related Reading passages

resistance

refusal to accept or comply

defiance, opposition, refusal, reluctance, noncompliance, fight, rebellion, immunity

Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. / Vi khuẩn phát triển khả năng kháng thuốc.

pushback or immunity

resistance to change, antibiotic resistance, meet resistance

Important for discussions on health, social changes, or trends

bioprospecting

discovery and use of biological resources for products

biological search, resource exploration, natural R&D, compound discovery, biodiversity mining

Bioprospecting in the rainforest is rising. / Khai thác sinh học trong rừng mưa đang gia tăng.

exploring nature for commercial products

bioprospecting efforts, bioprospecting projects, bioprospecting techniques

Very relevant in academic Writing/Reading on environmental innovation

firmly

with strong determination

strongly, decisively, determinedly, resolutely, forcefully, steadfastly, powerfully, strictly

She firmly rejected the offer. / Cô ấy dứt khoát từ chối lời đề nghị.

in a strong and sure way

stand firmly, firmly believe, firmly deny

Great adverb in Writing Task 2 to express opinion or contrast clearly

put smt back on the map

make something popular or well-known again

make famous, revive, highlight, reintroduce, publicize, reestablish, attract attention to, promote

The movie put the city back on the map. / Bộ phim khiến thành phố nổi tiếng trở lại.

to make something popular again

put a city on the map, put the region back on the map

Use idiomatically in Speaking Part 2 to talk about places, tourism, or success

undisputed

accepted without doubt

unquestionable, undeniable, undoubted, acknowledged, certain, established, accepted, recognized

He is the undisputed champion of the world. Anh ấy là nhà vô địch không thể tranh cãi trên thế giới.

master

a person with power or control

ruler, owner, chief, commander, controller, head, boss, leader

She is the master of her fate. Cô ấy là người làm chủ số phận mình.

terrestrial

relating to Earth or land

earthly, land-based, worldly, ground-dwelling, physical, earthbound, sublunary, mundane

Terrestrial animals live on land. Động vật trên cạn sống trên đất liền

domain

an area of knowledge or control

area, field, territory, sphere, realm, discipline, sector, province

This topic is outside my domain. Chủ đề này nằm ngoài lĩnh vực của tôi.

occupy

to live or take up space

inhabit, live in, reside in, dominate, take over, control, engage, stay

They occupy the second floor. Họ cư trú ở tầng hai.

niche

a specific role or position

place, position, area, role, function, corner, cavity, pocket

He found his niche in teaching. Anh ấy đã tìm được chỗ đứng trong nghề giáo.

bewildering

very confusing

confusing, baffling, puzzling, perplexing, mystifying, disorienting, mind-boggling, unclear

The instructions were bewildering. Hướng dẫn thật rối rắm.

an array of

a large group or number

a wide range of, a number of, many, various, quite a lot, a collection of, a series of, a set of

The store offers an array of products. Cửa hàng cung cấp rất nhiều sản phẩm đa dạng.

interaction

communication between people or things

communication, collaboration, relations, connection, interplay, contact, engagement, dialogue

Social interaction is important for kids. Tương tác xã hội rất quan trọng đối với trẻ em.

evolution

gradual development

development, growth, progress, advancement, transformation, emergence, improvement, change

The evolution of technology is rapid. Sự phát triển của công nghệ rất nhanh chóng.

enormous

extremely large

huge, vast, giant, massive, gigantic, immense, tremendous, colossal

They made an enormous profit. Họ đã thu được lợi nhuận khổng lồ.

defensive

protecting against attack

self-protective, defending, shielding, fortified, guarded, secure, resistant, countering

He took a defensive stance. Anh ấy đã có thái độ phòng thủ.

offensive

causing someone to feel deeply hurt

attacking, violent, aggressive, insulting, rude, hostile, abusive, provocative

The comment was deeply offensive. Lời nhận xét đó rất xúc phạm.

exceed

to go beyond

surpass, go over, go beyond, go above, outdo, outstrip, overtake, eclipse

Sales exceeded expectations. Doanh số vượt quá mong đợi.

far and away

by a very large amount

by far, definitely, unquestionably, easily, clearly, absolutely, certainly, without doubt

She is far and away the best player. Cô ấy chắc chắn là người chơi giỏi nhất

in existence

something that currently exists

existing, extant, alive, present, current, surviving, active, functioning

No other such species is in existence. Không còn loài nào như vậy tồn tại.

therapeutic

related to healing

healing, curative, remedial, restorative, medicinal, beneficial, healthful, therapeutic

This herb has therapeutic properties. Loại thảo mộc này có đặc tính chữa bệnh.

proportion

a part or amount

amount, quantity, percentage, share, fraction, segment, portion, ratio

A large proportion of students passed. Một tỷ lệ lớn học sinh đã đậu.

investigate

to examine or study carefully

look into, explore, probe, examine, study, inspect, analyze, research

They will investigate the cause. Họ sẽ điều tra nguyên nhân.

identified

recognized or named

recognized, known, acknowledged, named, specified, detected, discovered, confirmed

The body was identified by police. Thi thể đã được cảnh sát nhận dạng.

antimicrobial

killing harmful microbes

germ-killing, disinfectant, antibiotic, antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, biocidal

The cream has antimicrobial agents. Kem có chứa chất kháng khuẩn.

blow fly

a fly that lays eggs on meat/wounds

meat fly, carrion fly, maggot fly, scavenger fly, calliphorid, bluebottle, insect, parasite

Blow flies are attracted to decay. Ruồi thịt bị thu hút bởi sự phân hủy.

larvae

young stage of insects

maggots, worms, grubs, nymphs, baby insects, hatchlings, caterpillars, immature insects

The larvae feed on meat. Ấu trùng ăn thịt.

antiviral

used to treat viral infections

virus-fighting, immune-boosting, infection-curing, therapeutic, antiviral drug, antiviral treatment, vaccine

She took antiviral medication. Cô ấy uống thuốc kháng virus.

antitumor

fighting tumors

cancer-fighting, tumor-inhibiting, anticancer, curative, therapeutic, medicinal, chemotherapy-related, suppressant

This drug has antitumor effects. Thuốc này có tác dụng chống khối u.

agent

a substance with a particular effect

substance, chemical, factor, element, compound, medium, catalyst, means

The agent neutralizes bacteria. Chất này trung hòa vi khuẩn.

potent

strong and effective

strong, powerful, effective, mighty, robust, vigorous, forceful, intense

A potent drug is needed. Cần một loại thuốc mạnh.

venom

poison secreted by animals

poison, toxin, secretion, biotoxin, neurotoxin, sting, fluid, poison substance

The snake injected venom. Con rắn đã tiêm nọc độc.

wasp

stinging insect

bee, hornet, insect, yellow jacket, flyer, stinger, buzzer, pest

A wasp stung my arm. Một con ong vò vẽ đã chích vào tay tôi.

relatively

to some degree

comparatively, quite, somewhat, moderately, partially, fairly, more or less, in some way

It’s relatively cheap. Nó tương đối rẻ.

bioprospecting

exploring nature for medical use

bio-discovery, pharmaceutical exploration, nature-based research, drug hunting, natural research, bio-mining, ethnobotany, bio-research

Bioprospecting may lead to new drugs. Tìm kiếm sinh học có thể dẫn đến thuốc mới.

manner

way of doing something

way, style, method, means, mode, fashion, approach, behavior

He spoke in a polite manner. Anh ấy nói chuyện lịch sự.

daunting

intimidating or difficult

difficult, tough, intimidating, challenging, overwhelming, scary, discouraging, demanding

A daunting task awaits. Một nhiệm vụ khó khăn đang chờ đợi.

gland

an organ that produces substances

organ, secreting organ, exocrine, endocrine, node, ductless gland, structure, bodily organ

Sweat is produced by glands. Mồ hôi được tiết ra bởi các tuyến.

secrete

to produce and release

release, produce, emit, ooze, discharge, exude, leak, expel

Glands secrete hormones. Tuyến tiết ra hormone.

obtain

to get something

gain, find, acquire, achieve, get hold of, secure, procure, attain

You must obtain a permit. Bạn phải có giấy phép.

subsequent

coming after something

following, successive, later, ensuing, next, later on, after, post

Subsequent events were shocking. Những sự kiện sau đó thật kinh hoàng.

reality

the actual state of things

real life, actuality, the real world, truth, facts, existence, concrete world, being

Reality is harsh sometimes. Thực tế đôi khi rất khắc nghiệt.

ubiquity

being everywhere

popularity, commonness, pervasiveness, universality, omnipresence, prevalence, all-overness, widespreadness

Smartphones show their ubiquity. Điện thoại thông minh thể hiện sự phổ biến khắp nơi.

vast

extremely large in size or amount

massive, immense, enormous, boundless, considerable, extensive, limitless, huge

The Sahara is a vast desert. Sahara là một sa mạc rộng lớn.

extremely large area/amount

vast majority, vast amount, vast area

Use "vast" to describe data, land, or population in Task 1 and Task 2

encounter

to meet unexpectedly or face

meet, come across, run into, stumble upon, face, confront, experience, happen upon

We encountered a problem during the test. Chúng tôi gặp phải một vấn đề trong bài kiểm tra.

face or meet unexpectedly

encounter difficulties, encounter resistance

Good verb for writing about challenges or issues

rear

to raise or bring up (children/animals)

raise, nurture, bring up, look after, care for, foster, educate, support

She reared five children on her own. Cô ấy đã nuôi dạy năm đứa con một mình.

bring up children or animals

rear children, rear animals

Often appears in animal-related topics or upbringing