DT Half Term 2

What is a natural fibre

Materials that are naturally formed either grown as a plant or produced by an animal.

Examples of natura fibres

cotton, wool, silk

what is a synthetic fibre

man made fabrics produced from polymers

examples of synthetic fibres

polyester, polyamide(nylon), elastane(Lycra)

what are blende fibres

Materials which have a mixture of different fibres, uses to improve properties

Examples of blended fibres

polycotton

where are woven fabrics used

is shirts, can have different colours incorporated into the warp and weft or patterns printed on them

Different types of weave

Plain weave

warp- runs along the length

weft- runs from weft to right

bonded fabrics

fabric is laminated together to improve the properties of the fabric: may include waterproofing layers

Felted fabrics

can be created from both natural and manmade fibres but also combination of both

knitted textiles

made with a continuous piece of yarn

yarn is looped together to create a piece of fabric which can be stretched

Types of paper

bleed proof

cartridge paper

grid

layout paper

tracing paper

bleed proof properties and uses

texture and coated paper, design ideas and final designs

cartridge paper properties and uses

thick white paper with a rough surface, pencil and ink drawings, sketching and watercolour

grid paper properties and uses

paper with a printed grid,graphical scientific and mathematical diagrams

Layout paper properties and uses

thin, medium opacity, creating sketches and working ideas

Tracing paper properties and uses

low opacity, copying and tracing images, adaptations and working drawings

types of boards

Corrugated board

duplex boards

foil lined board

foam core board

inkjet card

solid white board

corrugated board properties and uses

folded internal structure to improve strength, packaging, boxes and impact protection

Duplex board properties and uses

2 layers of card bonded together, cheaper version of white card for packaging, waxy coating used for food and drinks

foil lined board

foil lined, takeaway containers and lids retains heat for longer

foam core board

foam core smooth surface, models, prototyping

Ink jet card

smooth white finish, high quality photographic images

solid white board

high quality card, greeting cards, packaging, advertising

What are modern materials

materials designed after ww2

Graphene properties and uses

single atom thick, lightweight, flexible , excellent electrical conductor, potentially medical or electronical and energy industries

metal foams properties and uses

foam like structure within a piece of metal, aluminium or titanium, lightweight but retains metal properties, medical implants, aircraft, car parts

titanium properties and uses

often alloyed with other metals to change properties, non-reactive in the human body, high strength to weight ratio, jewellery, watches, medical

corn starch polymers properties and uses

fully biodegradable if composted, 90 days to break down, can be used for food packaging cannot be recycled

LCD properties and uses

liquid crystal displays, low cost, thin compact, watches, simple displays, TV screens

Nanomaterials properties and uses

between 1 and 100 nanometres in size, carbon nanotubes, used to aid with miniaturisation of products, protective coatings and films

Smart materials

materials that react to an external stimulus

shape memory alloys properties and uses

resist being deformed, return to original shape when either heat or electricity is applied, used in dental braces, frames fr glasses, expanding stents

piezoelectric material properties and uses

when squeezed or put under pressure create an electrical voltage, emit sounds, sparks, speakers, clocks and inkjet printers

thermochromic pigments properties and uses

react to heat and change colour, used to indicate if specific temperature has been reached, powder pigment that can be added to a range of materials

photochromic pigments properties and uses

react to UV light and change colour/ dark, pigments can be added to fabrics plastics and paints, sunglasses that change colour when sun levels a higher or lower

composite materials

2 or more different materials are combined to make a new material and improve functionality

Glass reinforced plastic

glass fibre matting and plastic resin are combined, layers of matting is placed on a mould and the resin is added/ painted/ spread on, multiple layers

Carbon Fibre reinforced plastic

carbon fibre cloth combined with plastic resin, high strength to weight ratio

GRP Application

Furniture, bathroom furniture, dinghy hulls, car body parts, pipes, helmets

CRP Applications

Supercar and sportscar parts, sports equipment, boats, prosthetics etc

Conductive fabrics

textiles which allow an electrical current, clothing to improve safety-LEDs

Fire resistant fabrics

Nomex and Kevlar, withstand high temperatures, strong, gloves for using a blowtorch

Kevlar

Strong and hard-wearing material, cut and tear resistance, high thermal protection, non-flammable, chemical resistance, fibres are spun and woven into fabric

Micro fibres

5x finer than human hair, synthetic, cleaning cloths, medical uses

Microencapsulation

Traps liquid or solid substances within the fibres of fabrics, used for insect repelling clothing

Reduce

Reducing the amount of material or energy required to manufacture or run a product

Re-use

Use a product again (avoiding single use products), this could be for the same function or a different function

Recycle

Break an item down into its separate materials and make them back into stock forms to be used again

refuse

Refuse to buy a product if it is not sustainably created or refuse to design a product that is not needed

repair

Replace broken parts, rather than buying new,Designers can choose to create products that are easy for consumers to repair

rethink

Is the product needed? Can a product be reanalysed to check if it can be improved and have less environmental impact?

Sustainable hierarchy

Refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, recylce

Continuous improvement

consider processes and products throughout the process and products throughout the manufacture to see if they can reduce the impact it makes on the environment.

efficient working

Making the manufacture as efficient as possible, product are ordered when required, delivered when needed, reduce cost regarding storage, aiming to reduce waste of materials and time

pollution

new products are manufactures and there is risk to environmental pollution

global warming

greenhouse gases significantly increasing contributing to the change in climate

deforestation

trees are felled to make the products

surface mining

creates a lot of dust and can affect water table, produces lots of carbon dioxide

underground mining

less visual impact, causes sinkholes and pollution of water and produces carbon dioxide, loud noise levels, damage to roads,air pollution

drilling

gas, oil and shale gas can be extracted by drilling, risk of pollution

product miles

the total distance all components have travelled to become a product

carbon footprint

the amount of carbon emitted during a process

safe working conditions

training, risk assessments, PPE, the local environments/ residents

SWC training

if a worker is expected to complete a task that involves risk they need to be trained

SWC Risk assessments

identify hazards and protect workers, frequently reviewed

SWC PPE

must be supplied by the employer, gloves, aprons, glasses, ear defenders

SWC Local Residents

Risks to those living near: noise, air and water table pollution

CAD

Computer aided design, viewed from all angles, items can be drawn and developed quickly, expensive to set up, need the correct skills- may need training

CAM

computer aided manufacture, fast and accurate production, machines can run constantly, expensive to set up, needs skilled workforce of specialist training