Anatomy CA2

where are the 10 new cranial pairs divided into 

the medulla, pons, and the midbrain 

What does the brainstem contain 

The brainstem contains the 10 true cranial pairs 

Where is the Brainstem located

It is located under the cerebrum and is continuos with the spinal cord

Label the parts

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

What si the difference in grey matter between the brainstem and spinal cord?

In the brain stem the grey matter is broken up into defined nuclei

What happens to the central canal in the brainstem?

The central canal greatly expands in the brainstem to create a ventricle

Do nerves emerge often in the brainstem?

No nerve emergence doesn’t happen as frequently in the brain stem

Where does the Medulla come from?

The medulla comes from the upper rootlet of the first cervical spinal nerve (C1) to the pons

What nuclei is present in the medulla?

Glossopharyngeal (IX) - Vagus (X) - Accessory (XI) - Hypoglossal (XII)

What does pons look like it is conencting?

The right and left cerebrum hemispheres

What are the nuclei present in pons?

Trigeminal (V) - Adbucens (VI) - Facials (VII) - Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

What is the midbrain?

The midbrain is a short part of the brainstem that connects the Pons to the Cerebrum

Where are the Oculomotor and Trochlear nuclei located at?

In the Midbrain

Where is the fourth canal expanded to?

The central canal is expanded to the fourth ventricle of the brainstem

Where is the fourth ventricle located at

It is located in the upper medulla and pons

Whata are choroid plexus

They are vascular fringes that are projected into the cavity of the fourth ventricle

What is the Posterior wall of the infra temporal fossa?

Styloid apparatus

What is the Anterior wall of the Infra temporal fossa?

Posterior surface of the maxilla

What is the roof of the Infra temporal fossa?

Greater wing of sphenoid

What is the lateral wall of the infra temporal fossa?

ramus of the mandible

What is the Medial wall of the infra temporal fossa?

lateral pterygoid plate

What is the floor of the infra temporal fossa

medial pterygoid muscle

What are the pterygoid muscles that are in the infra temporal fossa

Lateral pterygoid and Medial Pterygoid

What is this and what are the arrows pointing at

This is the sphenomandibular ligament

1- spine of sphenoid

2- Lingual and adjacent margin of the mandibular foramen

What nerves are in the Anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

Buccal nerve

Masseteric nerve

Deep temporal nerve

Nerves of lateral pterygoid

What nerves are in the posterior trunk of the Mandibular nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve

Superficial temporal branches

Lingual nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve and mental branches

What is the red arrow pointing at

Otic ganglion

What are the 5 arteries and branches in the maxillary artery?

1) Articular and anterior tympanic arteries

2) Middle and accessory maningeal arteries

3) Inferior alveolar artery and mental branch

4) Deep temporal, masseteric, buccal branch

5) Lingual branch

What is this and what are the arrows starting from top to bottom

Pterygoid plexus

1- Cavernous sinus

2- Ophthalmic vein

3- Angular vein

4- Pterygoid plexus

What is this

pterygomandibular space

What are the 3 muscles found in the styloid apparatus?

Stylopharyngeal muscle - styloglossal muscle - stylomandibular muscle

What are the 2 ligaments found in the styloid apparatus

Sylomandibular ligament - sylohoid ligament

What does the pterygomaxillary fissure look like?

An inverted triangle

What are the 4 nerves in the pteygoidpalatine ganglion?

1- greater palatine nerve

2- Lesser palatine nerve

3-nasal nerve

4-nasopalatine nerve

What 4 branches are in the maxillary artery?

Palatine branch, Nasal branch, pharyngeal branch, posterior superior alveolar branch

What artery is in the maxillary artery

The infraorbital artery

What canal is in the Maxillary artery

The artery of the pterygoid canal

What is the anatomical structure of the orbit

The roof, the lateral wall, the medial wall, and the floor

What is in the roof of the orbit

The orbital part of the frontal bone, and the lesser wing of sphenoid

What is in the lateral wall fo the orbit?

The orbital surface of the zygomatic bone, and the greater wing of sphenoid

What is in the medial wall of the orbit

frontal process of the maxilla, the lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoidal laberynth, body of sphenoid

What is in the floor of orbit

orbital plate of palatine bone, and the upper surface of the body of maxilla / orbital surface

What are the red arrows pointing at from top to bottom

The optic canal

superior orbital

Inferior orbital

What nerve is in the optic canal

Optic nerve (II)

What nerve is present in the inferior orbital fissure

The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V)

What nerves are present in the superior orbital fissure?

The oculomotor nerve (III) and trochlear (IV) nerves

The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Ophthalmic vein

What are the contents of the orbit?

eyeball and optic nerve

The extraocular muscles

vessels and nerves

How is the the eyeball divided into 3 parts

The fibrous layer, the vascular layer, and the inner layer

What is in the fibrous layer

cornea and sclera

What is in the vascular layer

choroid

ciliary body

iris

What is in the inner layer

retina

what is in the extraocular muscle

recti - Superior oblique - inferior oblique - levator plapebrae superioris

What does the recti include of

medial, lateral, inferior, and superior

What movable things protects the eyelid

Movable flaps

What muscles move the upper eyelid?

The levator palpebral superiors

orbicularis oculi

What are the contents of the eye lids

Tarsal plates covered by the skin

Tarsal glands

Conjunctiva

Eyelashes

What is the conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva is a transparent membrane that covers the anterior aspect of the sclera