Studied by 4 people
propagation
how sound is transferred through a medium
force
what needs to be applied for a sound to be propagated?
intertia
the opposition of an object from its resting state or its ability to remain in motion once it has started
elasticity
a restoring force, refers to how easily an object moves back to its resting/starting position
reciprocal
inertia and elasticity are ____ characteristics
condensation
areas of increased molecules
rarefaction
areas of decreased molecules
pressure
what is equal to force/area?
waveform
what graph depicts increases and decreases in pressure over time (relationship between displacement and time)
sinusoid
a pure tone is also known as a ___
periodic
describes a sine wave, indicates that the waveform repeats itself at fixed temporal intervals
aperiodic
describes a waveform that does not repeat, has a random temporal pattern (example - noise)
phase
each point along the sine wave is called a ____, it represents what position the object is in its cycle of vibration, can be any value from 0-360
frequency
the number of vibrations the sine wave completes in a second
period
the time it takes to complete one cycle of vibration, or go through a 360 degree cycle
dB and frequency
always use a WHOLE number when writing *_ and __*
wavelength
the distance between successive compressions and rarefactions; distance encompassed by 1 cycle of vibration
1100 ft/sec or 343 m/sec
constants for the speed of sound in air
faster
because sound is proportional to the density of the conducting medium, sound travels faster or slower in humid air?
wavelength = speed of sound/frequency
formula for wavelength
20-20,000 Hz
frequency range of human hearing
minimum audible pressure
what does the MAP curve stand for?
MAP curve
the ____ shows us the least amount of pressure needed for the human ear to hear at a given frequency (50% of the time)
compares performance to intensity
P/I function of MAP curve
frontal, sagittal, transverse
3 anatomical orientations
anterior/posterior
directional terms used for coronal (frontal) plane
lateral/medial
directional terms used for the sagittal plane
superior/inferior
directional terms used for the transverse plane
peripheral/central
two major divisions of the auditory system
outer, middle, and inner ear
name the three parts of the peripheral auditory system
brainstem and auditory cortex
two divisions of the central auditory system
pinna (auricle) and external auditory canal
two main structures of the outer ear
protect, amplify sound, localization of sound, channeling sound to more medial structures
function of the outer ear (pinna and external auditory canal)
passively, 2.7-3 kHz
how does the external auditory canal amplify sound? at what frequency?
15-20 dB
how much does the external auditory canal amplify sound at 2700-3000 Hz?
20log(P1/P2)
decibel formula
20 micropascals
what does P2 equal in the dB equation?
complex signals
auditory signals that are comprised of more than one frequency
Fourier
most of what we know about the physical composition of complex signals comes from the work of a French mathematician named ____
prevention, assessment, rehabilitation
purpose of audiology
false (threshold of audibility varies across frequencies)
true or false - the ear is equally sensitive to all frequencies
MAP curve
subjects who were young, healthy, and had no known history of ear disease were given headphones to create the _____
cartilaginous, osseous
the lateral 1/3 of the EAC is ___, and the medial 2/3 is
hospitals, schools, private practices
where can audiologists practice
threshold of audibility
at the ___ the stimulus is strong enought o evoke a sensation of sound or have an effect for the listener
psychometric function
what function was used at each frequency to create the MAP curve?
