BRAIN AND BRAINSTEM

Brain, Brainstem, cerebellum,diancephalon, limbic system, cerebrum, motor cortex

What is NOT a major function of the brain stem?

higher level thinking and problem solving

What is the function of the cerebellum?

coordinate voluntary movements to ensure they are smooth and accurate

Where do most of our basic emotions originate?

the limbic system

What lobe of the brain is responsible for producing voluntary motor movements?

the frontal lobe, specifically the motor cortex

Visual information is received by which lobe of the brain?

the occipital lobe

What is the difference between the primary cortex regions and association regions in the cerebrum?

What region of the brain is important for critical thinking?

the prefrontal cortex

How do the left and right hemispheres communicate with each other?

the corpus callosum

What is NOT a generalized function of the brain?

breathing

True or False?: The brain stem is responsible for relaying and processing motor, sensory information, and visual and auditory reflexes

True

The medulla oblongata houses

Autonomic reflex centers

What are the three autonomic reflex centers housed in the medulla oblongata?

Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Reticular information

Inferior Olive (Medulla Oblongata)

Nuclei that relay information from the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex

Pyramids(Medulla Oblongata)

White matter that transmit signals from motor cortex to spinal cord

Decussation (Medulla Oblongata)

Crossing over of nerve fibers of the pyramids that share information from one side of the brain to the other

Reticular Formation

Part of brain stem AND diencephalon that plays an important role in alertness and sleep

Pons

Links cerebellum with the rest of the CNS and relays sensory and motor information.

Transverse Pontine Fibers

Interconnect cerebellar hemispheres

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Adjust activities of the respiratory rhythmic centers in the medulla oblongata

True or False?: The Midbrain regulates visual and auditory reflexes

True

Superior Colliculus (Midbrain)

Visual Reflexes (ie squinting)

Inferior Colliculus (Midbrain)

Auditory reflexes (ie flinching at loud noise)

Reticular Activating System (RAS) (Midbrain) Functions

Alertness Regulation, Sensory and endocrine inputs, visual and auditory stimuli

Cerebral Peduncles

Motor information from motor cortex to cerebellum and spinal nerves

True or False?: Reticular formation becomes more responsive after hourse of activity.

False

The Cerebellum coorinates

reflexive and learned muscle movements (muscle memory), and smoothing movements

Cerebellar Cortex (Cerebellum)

Gray Matter

Primary Fissure (Cerebellum)

Splits anterior and posterior lobes

Vermis (Worm) (Cerebellum)

Separates right and left hemispheres

White matter of the cerebellum

Arbor vitae, cerebellar peduncles, transverse pontine fibers

3 parts of the cerebellar peduncles 

Superior (connects to Midbrain, Diancephalon), Middle (connects to Pons), Inferior (connects toMedulla Oblongata and spinal cord)

Arbor Vitae (White matter of cerebellum)

Connects cerebellar cortex and peduncles

Transverse Pontine Fibers (White matter of cerebellum)

Connects opposite sides of cerebellar hemispheres

The Cerebellum coordinates ___ to maintain ___

muscle movements, body posture

What is an example of a task that the cerebellum would help you do?

Ride a Bike

What are the three parts of the Diancephalon?

Epithalamus, Thalamus and hypothalamus

Epithalamus (Diancephalon) is composed of the

Chorocoid plexus and pineal gland

Thalamus (Diancephalon)

Relays sensory info from brain stem to cerebral cortex, influences emotional state through the limbic system

Hypothalamus (Diancephalon) functions

Limbic system involvement, autonomic regulation and links thenervous and endocrine system

What is produced in the Chorocoid Plexus?

CSF

Pineal Gland

Secretes Melatonin (Day and night cycles and reproductive cycles)

The thalamus is made up of multiple ___

nuclei

What are the two ‘bodies” found in the thalamus?

Lateral Geniculate body and medial geniculate body

Lateral Geniculate body

sends visual information to occipital lobes

Medial Geniculate body

sends auditory information to cerebral cortex

What are some of the functions of the hypothalamus

adjust automonic functions and body temp, circadian rhythm regulation, coordinate voluntary and autonomic functions

What hormones do the hypothalamus secrete?

ADH and Oxytocin

True or False?: The hypothalamus has subconcious control of skeletal muscle contractions (emotional response)

True

What Part of the brainstem plays a role in the feeding centers and thirst centers

hypothalamus

What is the limbic system commonly referred to as?

the “Motivational System”