chapters 1-3

what is a hypothesis

a testable observation/predictions

difference between theory and hypothesis

a theory is not a testable experiment but has extensive evidence and it has a well supported explanation

what characterized a living thing

1. made up of cells

2. response to stimuli

3. growth and development

4. regulation

5. homeostasis

6. requires energy

differentiate between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic

prokaryotic is a simple cell with no membrane bound organelles, it has a nucleolus it contains either DNA or RNA while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, are bigger, have DNA in the nucleus

cell to biosphere

cell→tissues→organ→organ system→organism→ population→community→ecosystem→ biosphere

what is dehydration synthesis

the removing of a water molecule to combine

what is hydrolysis

hydrolysis is the addition of water to break

what is the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolization

Polymers form via dehydration reactions that link monomers with covalent bonds. Hydrolysis uses water to cleave these bonds during digestion and cellular breakdown.

ionic bonds

transfer of electrons

covalent bonds

share electrons

hydrogen bonds

weak attraction that work between polar attractions because of the slight positive and negative charges

what are buffers

they maintain homeostasis (it could be any number) they just keep the acidity level to a specific number

covalent bonds are formed

within the molecule

hydrogen bonds are formed

between molecules

what is carbon versatility?

Carbon’s 4 valence electrons allow diverse molecular structures including hydrocarbons and functional groups, forming the backbone of organic chemistry.

carbs element

CHO

Lipids element

CHO

Proteins element

CHON(S)

Nucleic acids element

CHONP

What are monomers of carbs

monosaccharides

What are monomers of lipids

fatty acids+ glycerol

What are monomers of proteins

amino acids

What are monomers of nucleic acids

nucleotides

what is the polymer of carbs

polysaccharides

what is the polymer of lipids

triglycerides

what is the polymer of proteins

polypeptides

what is the polymer of nucleic acids

DNA/RNA

How many carbons does glucose and fructose, have

they are hexoses (6 carbons)

monosaccharides significant sugar and its function

their significant sugars are glucose,fructose and galactose and their main function are for immediate energy

how many carbons does ribose and deoxyribose have

they are pentoses (5 carbons)

what are the significant sugars of polysaccharides

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

protein structure protein

simple sequence (peptide bonds)where most mutations can happened

what are the 2 main types of nucleic acids

DNA AND RNA