Key Terms French Revolution

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17 Terms

1

Old Regime

The social and political system of France in the 1770s, where people were divided into three estates.

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2

Estate

The three large social classes in France under the Old Regime: the First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (everyone else).

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3

Louis XVI

The king of France during the French Revolution, known for his indecisive leadership and extravagant spending.

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4

Marie Antoinette

The queen of France during the French Revolution, infamous for her lavish lifestyle and unpopularity.

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5

Estates-General

An assembly of representatives from all three estates, called by Louis XVI in 1789 to approve new taxes on the nobility.

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6

National Assembly

Formed by the Third Estate delegates in 1789, aiming to make changes in the government and represent the French people.

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7

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge taken by the Third Estate delegates in June 1789, vowing to remain assembled until they had created a new constitution.

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8

Great Fear

A wave of panic that swept through France in the summer of 1789, leading to peasant uprisings and destruction of manor houses.

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9

Bastille

A Paris prison stormed by a mob on July 14, 1789, in search of gunpowder and weapons, symbolizing the revolution.

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10

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

A statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by the National Assembly in August 1789, declaring equality and outlining basic rights.

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11

Legislative Assembly

A new legislative body created by the Constitution of 1791, which had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war.

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12

Émigrés

Nobles and others who fled France during the Revolution, hoping to restore the Old Regime.

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13

Sans-culottes

Parisian workers and small shopkeepers wanting more radical changes during the Revolution, named for wearing regular trousers.

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14

Jacobins

A radical political organization during the French Revolution, notable members included Jean-Paul Marat and Maximilien Robespierre.

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15

Guillotine

A machine used for executions during the French Revolution, considered a more humane method of execution.

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16

Maximilien Robespierre

A Jacobin leader who rose to power in 1793 and ruled France as a dictator during the Reign of Terror.

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17

Reign of Terror

A period from 1793 to 1794 marked by mass executions of those considered enemies of the Revolution.

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