GYN Chapter 43 Pathology of the Uterus Key Pearls

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23 Terms

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What is the most common cystic lesion of the vagina that is usually found incidentally during sonographic examination?

Gartner duct cyst

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Obstruction of the uterus or the vagina may result in an accumulation of what?

Hydrometra (fluid), hematometra (blood), or pyometra (pus)

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What is the most common finding in the cervix?

Nabothian cysts

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Cervical polyps may present clinically with what?

irregular bleeding

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Cervical polyps

This benign condition arises from the hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the endocervix or ectocervix

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A small percentage of what occurs in the cervix?

Leiomyomas (myoma tumors)

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The most common type of cervical cancer is what?

Squamous cell carcinoma

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What are common variations of uterine morphology that may be seen with sonographic imaging?

The bicornuate (“two-horned uterus”) uterus and the didelphic uterus

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The most common gynecologic tumor in women over thirty years old is what?

Leiomyomas (myomas)

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The most common cause of uterine calcifications is what?

Myomas

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A less common cause of uterine calcifications is what?

Arcuate artery calcification in the periphery of the uterus

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Adenomyosis

A benign disease, commonly diffuse, with global infiltration of the endometrium, which sonographically presents as a bulky enlarged uterus without focal mass

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Uterine arteriovenous malformations

Consist of a vascular plexus of arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network

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Endometrial hyperplasia

The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women

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Patients with endometrial polyps

Could be asymptomatic or they may present with uterine bleeding

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Endometritis

An infection within the endometrium of the uterus

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Endometritis occurs most often in association with

Pelvic inflammatory disease, in the postpartum state, or following instrumentation of the uterus

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Intrauterine synechiae (endometrial adhesions, Asherman syndrome)

Found in women with posttraumatic or postsurgical histories (including uterine curettage)

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Most endometrial malignancies are what?

Adenocarcinomas

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Adenocarcinomas most often occur in patients in what stage?

Postmenopausal

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Before menstruation, the accumulation of secretions is called what?

Hydrometrocolpos

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Following menstruation, what results from the presence of retained menstrual blood?

Hematometrocolpos

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Intrauterine contraceptive devices are what?

Devices placed in the uterine cavity during menses for the purpose of birth control, etc.