(COMPLETED) UPPER LIMB - MUSCLE AND FASCIA

2025 trans

1. What two main parts make up the skeletal system?

Axial and appendicular skeleton

2. Name three examples of long bones.

Humerus, femur, metacarpals

3. What type of bones are found in the tarsus and carpus?

Short bones

4. Give an example of a sesamoid bone.

Patella

5. What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula

6. Which end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum?

Sternal end

7. What ligament attaches to the conoid tubercle?

Conoid ligament

8. What are the names of the two fossae located on the posterior surface of the scapula?

Supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

9. With which bone does the glenoid fossa articulate?

Humerus

10. What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii?

Supraglenoid tubercle

11. What is the most common site of humeral fracture in the elderly? Surgical or Anatomical Neck?

Surgical neck

12. What muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity?

Deltoid muscle

13. What nerve is housed by the spiral/radial groove?

Radial nerve

14. Which bone is lateral and shorter: the radius or the ulna?

Radius

15. What part of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?

Trochlear notch

16. What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

Stabilizes the relationship between the radius and ulna

17. Name the eight carpal bones.

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

18. What is the name of the tunnel through which the ulnar nerve and arteries pass in the wrist?

Tunnel of Guyon

19. How many metacarpals are in each hand?

Five

20. How many phalanges are in each finger?

Three

21. Which joint is the only bone-to-bone attachment between the upper limbs and the axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint

22. What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Ball and socket joint

23. Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

24. What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Plane joint

25. What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Hinge joint

26. What movements are allowed by the proximal radioulnar joint?

Pronation and supination

27. What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Condyloid joint

28. Give an example of a saddle joint in the hand.

Carpometacarpal joint

29. What type of tissue is deep fascia primarily composed of?

Dense connective tissue

30. What fascia covers the deltoid muscle?

Deltoid fascia

31. What does the pectoralis fascia become laterally?

Axillary fascia

32. What is the deep fascia enclosing the arm called?

Brachial fascia

33. What fascia forms the floor of the axilla?

Axillary fascia

34. What two muscles are enclosed by the clavipectoral fascia?

Subclavius and pectoralis minor

35. What three structures pass through the costocoracoid membrane?

Cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, lateral pectoral nerve

36. What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the axilla?

Supports and pulls axillary fascia upward during arm abduction

37. Name the two compartments of the arm.

Anterior and posterior

38. What membrane is found between the radius and ulna?

Interosseous membrane

39. Name the five compartments of the palm.

Hypothenar, thenar, central, adductor, interosseous

40. What is the function of extrinsic muscles in the pectoral girdle?

Act on the shoulder girdle but are not located within it

41. What is the general action of muscles in the anterior portion of the arm?

Flexion

42. What is the general action of muscles in the posterior portion of the arm?

Extension

43. What type of muscle is the pectoralis major?

Convergent

44. What is the main action of the pectoralis major?

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus

45. What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve

46. What process of the scapula does the pectoralis minor attach to?

Coracoid process

47. What is the main action of the pectoralis minor?

Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly

48. Where is the subclavius muscle located?

Inferior to the clavicle

49. What nerve innervates the subclavius?

Nerve to subclavius

50. What is the main action of the subclavius?

Anchors and depresses the clavicle

51. What is another name for the serratus anterior?

Boxer’s muscle

52. What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve

53. What is the main action of the serratus anterior?

Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall

54. What condition results from paralysis of the serratus anterior?

Winging of the scapula

55. Name the superficial muscles of the posterior axio-appendicular group.

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

56. Name the deep muscles of the posterior axio-appendicular group.

Levator scapulae and rhomboids

57. What shape is the trapezius muscle?

Diamond or trapezoid

58. What are the three different fiber directions of the trapezius?

Descending, middle, and ascending

59. What is the main action of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

Retract the scapula

60. What nerve innervates the trapezius?

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

61. What is the shape of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Large, fan-shaped

62. What is the insertion point of the latissimus dorsi?

Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

63. What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve

64. What are the main actions of the latissimus dorsi?

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

65. Where does the levator scapulae lie relative to the sternocleidomastoid?

Deep

66. What is the main action of the levator scapulae?

Elevates the scapula

67. What nerves innervate the levator scapulae?

Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves

68. What shape are the rhomboid muscles?

Rhomboid

69. What action do the rhomboids perform against the serratus anterior?

Retraction of the scapula

70. Which rhomboid muscle is located superior to the other?

Rhomboid minor

71. What is another name for the nuchal ligament?

Paddywhack

72. What type of muscles are the posterior scapulohumeral muscles?

Intrinsic shoulder muscles

73. How many muscles are in the posterior scapulohumeral group?

Six

75. Which muscle is not part of the rotator cuff: teres major or teres minor?

Teres major

76. What are the three parts of the deltoid muscle?

Clavicular, acromial, and spinal

77. What is the action of the acromial part of the deltoid?

Abduction of the arm

78. What nerve innervates the deltoid?

Axillary nerve

79. What is the main action of the teres major?

Adducts and medially rotates the arm

81. What is the main action of the rotator cuff muscles?

Stabilize the glenohumeral joint

82. What is the only attachment of the scapula to the axial skeleton?

Acromioclavicular joint (False: The scapula is not attached to the axial skeleton. Only the clavicle is attached via the sternoclavicular joint.)

83. What is the main action of the supraspinatus?

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of the arm

84. What nerve innervates the supraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve

85. What is the main action of the infraspinatus?

Powerful lateral rotator of the arm

86. What nerve innervates the infraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve

87. What two spaces does the teres minor form a border of?

The Superior Border of:

Upper triangular space & Quadrangular space

88. What nerve innervates the teres minor?

Axillary nerve

89. What is the main action of the subscapularis?

Medial rotator of the humerus, adducts humerus

90. What nerves innervate the subscapularis?

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

91. What type of injury may damage the rotator cuff?

Musculotendinous injury

92. What groove contains the cephalic vein?

Deltopectoral groove

93. What lies underneath the skin?

Superficial fascia

94. What is another name for subcutaneous tissue?

Superficial fascia

95. What do intermuscular septa do?

Compartmentalize and invest the muscles

96. What does the pectoralis fascia enclose?

Entire pectoralis major muscle

97. What is the axillary fascia?

Deep fascia underneath the fat pad in the armpit

99. What vein drains into the axillary vein?

Cephalic vein

100. What artery gives rise to the clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral arteries?

Thoracoacromial artery

101. What nerve innervates the pectoralis major?

Lateral pectoral nerve

102. What does the clavipectoral fascia become inferiorly?

Suspensory ligament of axilla

103. What fascia does the suspensory ligament of the axilla converge with?

Pectoralis fascia