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Introduction to Personal Development

Physical development

growth of body and brain; motor and sensory skills; physical health

Cognitive development

capacity to learn, speak, understand, reason and create

Psychosocial development

emotions, interactions with people, attitudes, self – identity, personality, beliefs and values

Human Development

covers the whole span of human existence

Personal Development-

is one’s own development and growth in which is influenced by the following aspects:

Heredity

inborn traits passed on through generations

Environment

the world outside and the experiences we have gained as a result of interaction with other people

Maturation

natural progression of the body and brain that affects the cognitive, psychological and social dimensions of a person.

PERSONALITY

• Set of emotional qualities

• Ways of behaving

PERSONAL

• Belonging or relating to a particular person

• Made of designed to used by one person

DEVELOPMENT

• The process of growing or maturing

• The state of being created or made more advanced

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

process in which persons reflect upon themselves, understand who they are, accept what they discover about themselves, and learn (or unlearn) new sets of values, attitudes, behavior, and thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human beings.

Proponents of Humanistic Psychology

• Abraham Maslow

• Carl Rogers

Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of needs peeking in “self-actualization”

Carl Rogers

“the individual has within himself the capacity and the tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity.”

Proponents of Positive Psychology

It is defined as the scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. 

Proponents of Positive Psychology

The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within them, and to enhance their experience of love, work and play.

Personal Development in Adolescence

stage from puberty to adulthood and involves the psychological experiences during this period. Adolescence is the teenage to eighteen years old.

Puberty

physiological changes included in the sexual maturation of a child, along with other body changes that may take place during this period.

Puberty

Adolescence starts with the biological changes called

Adolescence

is the transition period between childhood and adulthood.

Early adolescence

between 10 – 13 years old

Middle adolescence

between 14 – 16 years old

Late adolescence

between 17 – 20 years old

Early adolescence (ages 10-14)

adolescents experience the — stages of puberty in this developmental phase. Both male and female experience major physical growth and intensified sexual interest.

Middle adolescence (ages 15-17)

• during the — adolescence stage, puberty is completed for males and females. Physical growth slows for females but continues for males.

• adolescents in this stage continue to experience a growing capacity for abstract thought.

Late adolescence (ages 18-24)

• adolescents in the — adolescence/— adulthood phase typically experience fewer physical developments and more cognitive developments.

• adolescents gain the ability to think about ideas rationally, delay gratification, plan for the future, and gain a firm sense of identity.

Feist and Rosenberg (2012)

infer that during adolescence, young people will start asking about abstract questions, like religion and beliefs, whose teachings may serve as the core or basis in developing one’s self.

IDEAL SELF

• It is the self that you aspire to be…

• It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor of some other worldly figure.

Actual Self

• It is the one that you actually see…

• It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or in some cases, born to have.

Self

in contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by the following characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private” (Stevens, 1996).

SELF BEING SELF-CONTAINED

its existence as having its  own independence. It may exist with or without others; it is self-containing of its own  thoughts, characteristics and volition.

SELF BEING SEPARATE

it means it is distinct,  different and unique from others. It has its own uniqueness that defines him/her from others.  It has an identity of its own, even twins, may it be fraternal, is very much distinct from the  other.

SELF - CONCEPT-

It refers to your awareness of yourself. is a combination of both our actual-self (present) and ideal-self (future self).

Self-Concept

our comparison to others, even our people who have a direct and indirect influence.

SELF-KNOWLEDGE

It is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you.

actual self

who we really are. It is how we think, how we feel, look and act.

SELF IMAGE

actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us

ideal self

how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time based on what we have learned and experienced.

PHYSICAL SELF

Describe yourself.  Include descriptions of your height, weight, quality of skin and hair, etc.

INTELLECTUAL SELF

Include here an assessment of how well you reason and solve problems, your capacity to learn and create, your specific area of knowledge

EMOTIONAL SELF

Write as many words or phrase of your feelings that you usually have, the feelings you want to avoid.

SENSUAL SELF

What sense do you usually use the most – sight, hearing, speaking, smelling, touching

INTERACTIONAL SELF

How are you as a person when you interact with your family, friends and special someone

NUTRITIONAL SELF

How do your nourish yourself

CONTEXTUAL SELF

Descriptors could be in the areas of living environment: reaction to light, temperature, living space etc.

 SPIRITUAL SELF or LIFE FORCE

feelings towards your religion

Personality

It is referred to as the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that identifies an individual. It is usually described in behavioral terms that are observable and measurable.

Personality

It is the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts and motives that characterize an individual.

Personality

It is a pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits that determines an individual’s characteristics, behaviors and traits.

Traits Theories

is an approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain traits or attributes.

E or I - Extraversion or Intraversion

How an individual prefers to channel his energy whether inward or outward

S or N - Sensing or iNtuition

How one prefers to process information whether through the senses or intuition which deals with ideas.

T or F - Thinking or Feeling

How an individual prefers to make decisions either thinking (logic) or feelings (senses)

J or P - Judgment or Perception

How one prefers to manage one’s life, whether through judging (planned and organized life) versus perception (flexible approach to learning.

Nurture

heredity or genetic makeup

Nature

Environment

Big Five or Five – Factor Model (OCEAN)

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE-

curiosity, interest, imagination and creativity to new ideas

Conscientiousness

planning, organizing, controlling

Extraversion

sociable, talkative, fun-loving

Agreeableness

friendly, warm, trusting, kind hearted

Neuroticism

calm, relaxed, comfortable

 Socrates

“An unexamined life is not worth living”

Know Thyself

is an old maxim or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and consequently gained different meanings. One of its meanings is recorded in the Greek encyclopedia of knowledge called “The Suda”.

Thomas Hobbes

“read thyself”

The Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

He stressed that an individual could learn more by studying others and that he/she can do this by engaging himself/herself to reading books. However, he emphasized that a person learns more by studying oneself.

Self-concept

is one’s abstract and general idea about him/herself particularly toward his/her unique personality and his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point of views and behavior.

Rene Descartes

Father of Modern Philosophy

a person’s existence depends on his/her perception.

Sincero

Learned, Organized, and Dynamic.

Self-Concept is Learned

This explains that no individual is born with —. A person will soon develop this as he/she grows old. This means that — can only be acquired as soon as the person learns how to mingle with others and so this indicates that — is influenced by the person’s environment and can be a product of the person’s socialization.

Self-Concept is Organized

This stresses out that one’s perception towards him/her is firm. This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding him/her but will keep on believing that what he/she thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. Change on one’s perceptions towards him/her, however, may also be possible but it takes time.

Self-concept is Dynamic

As an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. A person will definitely respond to the scenario based on his/her own insights and how he/she perceives himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-concept undergoes development as the person goes through different experiences.

Psychoanalysis Theory

Sigmund Freud proposed that there are three components of personality with us: Id, Ego, Superego.

Sigmund Freud

well-known psychologist, neurologist and the creator of Psychoanalysis Theory.

Sigmund Freud

father of psychoanalysis

The Id

 satisfy man's desire without thinking much of the situation.

The Ego

provide a man some guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure.

The Superego

moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment.

culture of distinguishing right from wrong based on the set of guidelines and standards