CHM105: Chapter 16

What functional group defines a carboxylic acid?

Carboxyl group (-COOH)

How are carboxylic acids named in the IUPAC system?

By replacing -e in the alkane name with -oic acid

What is the IUPAC name for acetic acid?

Ethanoic acid

What prefix is used in common names for a carboxylic acid with two carbons?

Acet-

In common nomenclature, what letter is assigned to the first carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group?

Alpha (α)

What process converts primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?

Oxidation

Which carboxylic acid is the main component of vinegar?

Ethanoic acid

What causes the high boiling points of carboxylic acids?

Hydrogen bonding

Carboxylic acids with how many carbon atoms are very soluble in water?

1-5

Carboxylic acids form dimers due to:

Hydrogen bonding between two carboxyl groups

What happens when a carboxylic acid dissociates in water?

It produces carboxylate ions and hydronium ions

Which of the following is a product of carboxylic acid neutralization?

Carboxylate salt

What type of compound is sodium propionate?

A preservative

What is produced when butanoic acid undergoes neutralization with NaOH?

Sodium butanoate

Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?

Carboxylic acid

What is an ester?

A compound formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

What is the general reaction used to form esters?

Esterification

What is needed for esterification to occur?

Acid catalyst and heat

What is the correct naming format for an ester?

Alkyl group from the alcohol + carboxylate from the acid

Which of the following is an ester?

Ethyl acetate

What role do esters play in nature?

They give fruits their aroma and flavor

Which ester is responsible for the smell of bananas?

Methyl butanoate

Why do esters have lower boiling points than carboxylic acids?

They do not form hydrogen bonds with each other

Esters are soluble in water if they have:

1-5 carbon atoms

What happens in acid hydrolysis of an ester?

The ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

What is another name for base hydrolysis of an ester?

Saponification

What is a product of saponification?

A carboxylate salt and an alcohol

What is the industrial use of ethyl acetate?

It is used as a solvent in nail polish remover

What compound forms when methyl acetate reacts with NaOH?

Methyl alcohol and sodium acetate

What catalyst is required for esterification?

H₂SO₄