CHM105: Chapter 16

  1. What functional group defines a carboxylic acid?
    a) Hydroxyl group (-OH)
    b) Carbonyl group (C=O)
    c) Carboxyl group (-COOH)
    d) Amine group (-NH2)

  2. How are carboxylic acids named in the IUPAC system?
    a) By replacing -e in the alkane name with -one
    b) By replacing -e in the alkane name with -oic acid
    c) By adding the prefix "oxo-"
    d) By adding the suffix -ic acid

  3. Which of the following is the IUPAC name for acetic acid?
    a) Ethanoic acid
    b) Methanoic acid
    c) Propanoic acid
    d) Butanoic acid

  4. What prefix is used in common names for a carboxylic acid with two carbons?
    a) Form-
    b) Acet-
    c) Propion-
    d) Butyr-

  5. In common nomenclature, what letter is assigned to the first carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group?
    a) Alpha (α)
    b) Beta (β)
    c) Gamma (γ)
    d) Delta (δ)

  6. What process converts primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?
    a) Reduction
    b) Oxidation
    c) Hydrolysis
    d) Esterification

  7. Which carboxylic acid is the main component of vinegar?
    a) Methanoic acid
    b) Butanoic acid
    c) Ethanoic acid
    d) Propanoic acid

  8. What causes the high boiling points of carboxylic acids?
    a) Dipole-dipole interactions
    b) Hydrogen bonding
    c) London dispersion forces
    d) Ionic bonding

  9. Carboxylic acids with how many carbon atoms are very soluble in water?
    a) 1-3
    b) 1-5
    c) 6-10
    d) More than 10

  10. Carboxylic acids form dimers due to:
    a) Covalent bonding
    b) Hydrogen bonding between two carboxyl groups
    c) Van der Waals forces
    d) Dipole-dipole interactions

  11. What happens when a carboxylic acid dissociates in water?
    a) It forms hydroxide ions
    b) It produces carboxylate ions and hydronium ions
    c) It remains unchanged
    d) It precipitates

  12. Which of the following is a product of carboxylic acid neutralization?
    a) Alcohol
    b) Carboxylate salt
    c) Ketone
    d) Aldehyde

  13. What type of compound is sodium propionate?
    a) A strong acid
    b) A preservative
    c) A reducing agent
    d) A hydrocarbon

  14. What is produced when butanoic acid undergoes neutralization with NaOH?
    a) Sodium butanoate
    b) Butanol
    c) Butanal
    d) Butanone

  15. Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?
    a) Hydrochloric acid
    b) Carboxylic acid
    c) Sulfuric acid
    d) Nitric acid

Esters

  1. What is an ester?
    a) A hydrocarbon with a carbonyl group
    b) A compound formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
    c) A type of alcohol
    d) A compound containing an amine group

  2. What is the general reaction used to form esters?
    a) Oxidation
    b) Esterification
    c) Neutralization
    d) Hydrolysis

  3. What is needed for esterification to occur?
    a) A strong base
    b) Acid catalyst and heat
    c) Water
    d) Ammonia

  4. What is the correct naming format for an ester?
    a) Alkyl group from the alcohol + carboxylate from the acid
    b) Alkane name with -one suffix
    c) Alkane name with -oic acid suffix
    d) Alcohol name followed by acid name

  5. Which of the following is an ester?
    a) Propanol
    b) Ethyl acetate
    c) Butanoic acid
    d) Methanol

  6. What role do esters play in nature?
    a) They form proteins
    b) They give fruits their aroma and flavor
    c) They form strong acids
    d) They act as preservatives

  7. Which ester is responsible for the smell of bananas?
    a) Methyl butanoate
    b) Ethyl acetate
    c) Propyl ethanoate
    d) Pentyl acetate

  8. Why do esters have lower boiling points than carboxylic acids?
    a) They do not have a carbonyl group
    b) They do not form hydrogen bonds with each other
    c) They have fewer dipole interactions
    d) They have stronger intermolecular forces

  9. Esters are soluble in water if they have:
    a) 1-3 carbon atoms
    b) 1-5 carbon atoms
    c) 6-10 carbon atoms
    d) More than 10 carbon atoms

  10. What happens in acid hydrolysis of an ester?
    a) The ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
    b) The ester is oxidized to an aldehyde
    c) The ester is converted to a ketone
    d) The ester undergoes polymerization

  11. What is another name for base hydrolysis of an ester?
    a) Hydrogenation
    b) Saponification
    c) Esterification
    d) Oxidation

  12. What is a product of saponification?
    a) A carboxylate salt and an alcohol
    b) A ketone and water
    c) An aldehyde and ammonia
    d) A carboxylic acid and a ketone

  13. What is the industrial use of ethyl acetate?
    a) It is used as a solvent in nail polish remover
    b) It is used to preserve food
    c) It is used in fertilizers
    d) It is used in disinfectants

  14. What compound forms when methyl acetate reacts with NaOH?
    a) Methyl alcohol and sodium acetate
    b) Ethanoic acid and water
    c) Acetone and propanol
    d) Benzene and methanol

  15. What catalyst is required for esterification?
    a) NaOH
    b) H₂SO₄
    c) NH₃
    d) CaCO₃