Evolution of management theory / management theories

(til pre-undustrial socities lang)

• - An organization is more stable if members have the right to express their differences and solve their conflicts within it.

  • A manager seeking to change an established organization “should retain at least a shadow of the ancient customs.”

• “Machiavellian” theory

• 1890 - 1940 → ?

• 1890 - 1980 → ?

• 1910 - 1900 → ?

• 1950 - 2000 → ?

• 1890 - 1940 → Scientific management theory

• 1890 - 1980 → Administrative Management Theory

• 1910 - 1900 → Behavioral Management Theory

• 1950 - 2000 → Organizational Environment Theory

• • A coherent group of assumptions is put forth to understand the relationship between two or more observable facts

  • Serves as the foundation of basic business operations

• Management theory

- a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge that provides a blueprint for various courses of action

Theory

is a field of study that reveals the significant past

History

what is the signifance of management theories?

• stable focus

• communicate effectively

How was management during the pre-industrial period or how did pre-industrial societies think of management?

• Biased against management

  • The ruling class perceived work, commerce, and trade as undignified

  • Work was done by slaves: individuals were bound to their stations for life

• Rules were not questioned

• The ruling class did not favorably view profit-making

• Money should be made by conquering

Management theory during pre-industrial societies:

• Sporadic, widely scattered

• Span of control/state monopoly discussed by Egyptians

• Socrates discussed leadership

• Plato described work specialization