PART 6

Emerging Adulthood

Emerging Adulthood

– represents a period of time during which young adults can figure out who they are and what they want to be

Bariatric Surgery

– any surgery that is carried out to induce weight loss, and it generally involves rerouting or removing parts of the stomach or small intestine

Emotion-Focused Coping

– manage emotions by refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in the positive light

Problem-Focused Coping

– involves addressing an issue head-on and developing action-oriented ways of managing and changing a bad situation

Risky Drinking

– consuming more than 14 drinks a week or 4 drinks on any single day for men and more than 7 drinks a week or 3 days on any single day for women

Social Integration

– active engagement in a broad range of social relationships, activities, and roles

Social Support

– refers to material information, and psychological resources derived from the social network on which a person can rely for help in coping with stress

Alcoholism

– long term physical condition characterized by compulsive drinking that a person is unable to control

Sexual Script

stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually

Rape

– forcible sexual intercourse

Date or Acquaintance Rape

– coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquianted

Premenstrual Syndrome

– disorder that produces physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks before menstrual period

Dysmenorrhea

– caused by contractions of the uterus which are set in motion by prostaglandin

Infertility

– inability to conceive a baby

Reflective Thinking

– active, persistent, and careful consideration of information or beliefs

Postformal Thought

– characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise

Acquisitive Stage (Childhood and Adolescence)

Children acquire info and skills mainly for their own sake or as preparation in society

Achieving Stage (Late teens or early twenties to thirties)

They use what they know to pursue goals

Responsible Stage (Late 30s to early 60s)

Use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others

Executive Stage (30s or 40s through middle age)

Responsible for societal systems or social movements

Reorganizational Stage (end of middle age, beginning of late adulthood)

Enter retirement reorganize their lives and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that take place of paid work

Reintegrative Stage (Late Adulthood)

Focus on the purpose of what they do and concentrate on tasks that have most meaning for them

Legacy-Creating Stage (advanced old age)

Older people may create instructions for the disposition of prized possessions, make funeral arrangements, provide oral histories, or write their life stories as legacy for their loved ones

Componential Knowledge

– analytical abilities

Experiential Intelligence

– original thinking, experience-based

Contextual Intelligence

– knowing your way around

Tacit Knowledge

inside information, know-how, “hacks”, not formally taught or openly expressed; commonsense knowledge of how to get agead

Emotional Intelligence

– refers to four related skills: the abilities to perceive, use, understand, and manage or regulate emotions to achieve goals (Salovey & Mayer, 1990)

Gap Year

taking a year off from formal education or the workplace

Distance Learning

– courses are delivered via mail, internet, or other technological means

Commitment within Relativism

– students decide for themselves, ideally, what they want to believe

Substantive Complexity

– the degree of thought and independent judgement it requires

Spillover Hypothesis

– cognitive gains from work carry over to nonworking hour

Moratorium

– time out from developmental pressures and allow young people the freedom to experiment various roles and lifestyles

Recentering

– name for the process that underlies the shift to an adult identity

Stage 1: Beginning

Individual is still embedded in the family of origin, but expectations for self-reliance and self-directedness begin to increase

Stage 2: During

individual remains connected to but no longer embedded within the family of origin

Stage 3: Usually by Age 30

Marked independence from the family of origin and commitment to a career, a partner, and possibly children

Moratorium

– self-conscious crisis that ideally leads to a resolution and identity achievement status

Normative-Stage Models

– theoretical approaches that hold that adults follow a basic sequence of age-related psychosocial changes

Young Adulthood (21-39 yrs)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Love

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Love

– a mutual devotion between partners who have chosen to share their lives and have children

Timing-of-Events Model

– holds that the course of development depends on when certain events occur in people’s lives

Normative Life Events (Normative Age-Graded Events)

– those typically happen at certain times of life

Social Clock

– society’s norms for appropriate timing of life events

Trait Models

– psychological models that focus on the measurement and examination of different traits

McCrae’s Five-Factor Model –

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Typological Approach

– seeks to complement and expand trait research by looking at personality functioning whole

Ego-Resilient

well-adjusted, self-confident, articulate, attentive, helpful, Cooperative, task-focused

Overcontrolled

– shy, quiet, anxious, dependable, tend to keep thoughts to themselves and withdraw from conflict, subject to depression

Undercontrolled

active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, and easily distracted

Secure

– have positive views in relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned about romantic relationships

Avoidant

– hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once they do, they distance themselves to their partners

Anxious

– demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive

Fictive Kin

– treated as family members despite a lack of blood relationship

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

– the way love develops is a story. The loves are its authors, and the story they create reflects their personalities and their conceptions of love.

Three elements of love

1. Intimacy

2. Passion

3. Commitment

Intimacy

– emotional element, involves self-disclosure, which leads to connection, warmth, and trust

Passion

– motivational element, based on inner drives that translate physiological arousal into sexual desire

Commitment

Cognitive element, the decision to love and make the relationship work (exclusive or marry)

Nonlove

No intimacy, passion, nor commitment

Liking

intimacy present

Infatuation

Passion Present

Empty Love

Commitment Only

Comanionate Love

Intimacy and Commitment present

Fatuous Love

Passion and Commitment Only

Consummate Love

All three components completed

Friends With Benefits

– relationships of friendships blended with physical intimacy, but little commitment

Cohabitation

– unmarried couple involved in sexual relationship live together