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Emerging Adulthood
– represents a period of time during which young adults can figure out who they are and what they want to be
Bariatric Surgery
– any surgery that is carried out to induce weight loss, and it generally involves rerouting or removing parts of the stomach or small intestine
Emotion-Focused Coping
– manage emotions by refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in the positive light
Problem-Focused Coping
– involves addressing an issue head-on and developing action-oriented ways of managing and changing a bad situation
Risky Drinking
– consuming more than 14 drinks a week or 4 drinks on any single day for men and more than 7 drinks a week or 3 days on any single day for women
Social Integration
– active engagement in a broad range of social relationships, activities, and roles
Social Support
– refers to material information, and psychological resources derived from the social network on which a person can rely for help in coping with stress
Alcoholism
– long term physical condition characterized by compulsive drinking that a person is unable to control
Sexual Script
stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually
Rape
– forcible sexual intercourse
Date or Acquaintance Rape
– coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquianted
Premenstrual Syndrome
– disorder that produces physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks before menstrual period
Dysmenorrhea
– caused by contractions of the uterus which are set in motion by prostaglandin
Infertility
– inability to conceive a baby
Reflective Thinking
– active, persistent, and careful consideration of information or beliefs
Postformal Thought
– characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise
Acquisitive Stage (Childhood and Adolescence)
Children acquire info and skills mainly for their own sake or as preparation in society
Achieving Stage (Late teens or early twenties to thirties)
They use what they know to pursue goals
Responsible Stage (Late 30s to early 60s)
Use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others
Executive Stage (30s or 40s through middle age)
Responsible for societal systems or social movements
Reorganizational Stage (end of middle age, beginning of late adulthood)
Enter retirement reorganize their lives and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that take place of paid work
Reintegrative Stage (Late Adulthood)
Focus on the purpose of what they do and concentrate on tasks that have most meaning for them
Legacy-Creating Stage (advanced old age)
Older people may create instructions for the disposition of prized possessions, make funeral arrangements, provide oral histories, or write their life stories as legacy for their loved ones
Componential Knowledge
– analytical abilities
Experiential Intelligence
– original thinking, experience-based
Contextual Intelligence
– knowing your way around
Tacit Knowledge
inside information, know-how, “hacks”, not formally taught or openly expressed; commonsense knowledge of how to get agead
Emotional Intelligence
– refers to four related skills: the abilities to perceive, use, understand, and manage or regulate emotions to achieve goals (Salovey & Mayer, 1990)
Gap Year
taking a year off from formal education or the workplace
Distance Learning
– courses are delivered via mail, internet, or other technological means
Commitment within Relativism
– students decide for themselves, ideally, what they want to believe
Substantive Complexity
– the degree of thought and independent judgement it requires
Spillover Hypothesis
– cognitive gains from work carry over to nonworking hour
Moratorium
– time out from developmental pressures and allow young people the freedom to experiment various roles and lifestyles
Recentering
– name for the process that underlies the shift to an adult identity
Stage 1: Beginning
Individual is still embedded in the family of origin, but expectations for self-reliance and self-directedness begin to increase
Stage 2: During
individual remains connected to but no longer embedded within the family of origin
Stage 3: Usually by Age 30
Marked independence from the family of origin and commitment to a career, a partner, and possibly children
Moratorium
– self-conscious crisis that ideally leads to a resolution and identity achievement status
Normative-Stage Models
– theoretical approaches that hold that adults follow a basic sequence of age-related psychosocial changes
Young Adulthood (21-39 yrs)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Love
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Love
– a mutual devotion between partners who have chosen to share their lives and have children
Timing-of-Events Model
– holds that the course of development depends on when certain events occur in people’s lives
Normative Life Events (Normative Age-Graded Events)
– those typically happen at certain times of life
Social Clock
– society’s norms for appropriate timing of life events
Trait Models
– psychological models that focus on the measurement and examination of different traits
McCrae’s Five-Factor Model –
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Typological Approach
– seeks to complement and expand trait research by looking at personality functioning whole
Ego-Resilient
well-adjusted, self-confident, articulate, attentive, helpful, Cooperative, task-focused
Overcontrolled
– shy, quiet, anxious, dependable, tend to keep thoughts to themselves and withdraw from conflict, subject to depression
Undercontrolled
active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, and easily distracted
Secure
– have positive views in relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned about romantic relationships
Avoidant
– hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once they do, they distance themselves to their partners
Anxious
– demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive
Fictive Kin
– treated as family members despite a lack of blood relationship
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
– the way love develops is a story. The loves are its authors, and the story they create reflects their personalities and their conceptions of love.
Three elements of love
Intimacy
Passion
Commitment
Intimacy
– emotional element, involves self-disclosure, which leads to connection, warmth, and trust
Passion
– motivational element, based on inner drives that translate physiological arousal into sexual desire
Commitment
Cognitive element, the decision to love and make the relationship work (exclusive or marry)
Nonlove
No intimacy, passion, nor commitment
Liking
intimacy present
Infatuation
Passion Present
Empty Love
Commitment Only
Comanionate Love
Intimacy and Commitment present
Fatuous Love
Passion and Commitment Only
Consummate Love
All three components completed
Friends With Benefits
– relationships of friendships blended with physical intimacy, but little commitment
Cohabitation
– unmarried couple involved in sexual relationship live together
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