Muscular system

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100 Terms

1

a-

without

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2

troph

nourishment

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3

-y

process of

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4

a/troph/y

muscle without nourishment; muscles shrink

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5

bi-

two

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6

-ceps

head

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7

bi/ceps

two-headed muscle

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8

fibro

fiber

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9

my

muscle

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10

-algia

pain

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11

fibro/my/algia

pain in the muscle fiber

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12

gastrocnemi

calf or belly of the leg

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13

-us

pertaining to

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14

gastrocnemi/us

pertaining to the calf of the leg

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15

hyper-

excessive

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16

hyper/troph/y

pertaining to excessive nourishment; causes enlargement

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17

intra-

into

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18

muscul

muscle

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19

-ar

pertaining to

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20

intra/muscul/ar

pertaining to inside the muscle

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21

my/algia

muscle pain

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22

my

muscle

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23

-asthenia

weakness

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24

gravis

heavy, grave

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25

my/asthenia gravis

grave muscle weakness; autoimmune disease

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26

neuro

nerve

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27

neuro/muscul/ar

pertaining to the nerve and muscle

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28

physio

nature

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29

physio/therapy

treatment with natural means

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30

sarco

flesh

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31

lemma

husk or covering

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32

sarco/lemma

covering around muscle flesh; cell membrane

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33

plasm

tumor

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34

sarco/plasm

tumor of the flesh; cytoplasm

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35

Skeletal muscles are ____________________________.

attached to bones, striated (striped), and voluntary

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36

Fascia

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

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37

Smooth muscles are _______________________.

spindle shaped, not attached to bones, are non-striated, and are involuntary; controlled by the autonomic nervous system

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38

Visceral muscles are _________________.

smooth muscles

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39

Cardiac muscle is ____________________.

Involuntary, striated and branched muscle tissue found only in the heart.

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40

Sphincter muscles are _________________________________.

Special circular muscles that control an opening, found in the walls of the anus, urethra, mouth, and intestines.

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41

contractility

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

<p>ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated</p>
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42

excitability

ability to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials (impulses)

<p>ability to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials (impulses)</p>
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43

Extensibility

ability to be stretched

<p>ability to be stretched</p>
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44

Elasticity

Ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched.

<p>Ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched.</p>
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45

tendon

Connects muscle to bone

<p>Connects muscle to bone</p>
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46

ligaments

Connect bone to bone

<p>Connect bone to bone</p>
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47

the origin of a muscle

the part of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a fixed structure or bone; moves the least during muscle contraction

<p>the part of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a fixed structure or bone; moves the least during muscle contraction</p>
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48

the insertion of a muscle

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

<p>connection of the muscle to a bone that moves</p>
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49

Origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid?

Origin: sternum and clavicle.

Insertion: mastoid process

Location: side of neck

<p>Origin: sternum and clavicle.</p><p>Insertion: mastoid process</p><p>Location: side of neck</p>
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50

Belly of the muscle

The middle part of the muscle

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51

Muscles are arranged in ___________.

Pairs

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52

Prime mover

A muscle that produces movement in a single direction.

<p>A muscle that produces movement in a single direction.</p>
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53

Antagonist

Allows movement in opposite direction from muscle

<p>Allows movement in opposite direction from muscle</p>
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54

synergists (agonists)

muscles that contract and assist the prime mover by keeping the movement steady or stabilizing the joint activity

<p>muscles that contract and assist the prime mover by keeping the movement steady or stabilizing the joint activity</p>
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55

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

compound used by cells to store and release energy

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56

Muscle twitch

a single momentary muscle contraction, and is the response to a single stimulus.

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57

motor unit

a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates

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58

neuromuscular junction

the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies

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59

The basic source of energy is ________________.

Glucose

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60

The energy derived from glucose is store in the form of ________________________.

ATP and phosphocreatine

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61

Muscle fatigue

the inability of a muscle to contract, caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles

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62

muscle tone

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

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63

isotonic contraction

when muscles contract and shorten; ex: talking, walking.

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64

isometric contraction

when a muscle tenses but does not shorten

ex: tensing abdominal muscles during exercise

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65

There are _____ skeletal muscles in the human body.

656

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66

There are 327 antagonist muscles and ____ unpaired muscles

2

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67

The unpaired muscles are:

the orbicularis oris (mouth) and the diaphragm

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68

Trapezius

Back of neck and upper back

<p>Back of neck and upper back</p>
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69

Latissimus dorsi

Lower back

<p>Lower back</p>
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70

External oblique

anterior and lateral abdomen

<p>anterior and lateral abdomen</p>
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71

Deltoid

shoulder

<p>shoulder</p>
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72

Biceps brachii

Anterior aspect of arm

<p>Anterior aspect of arm</p>
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73

Triceps brachii

posterior aspect of arm

<p>posterior aspect of arm</p>
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74

Brachioradialis

Anterior and proximal forearm

<p>Anterior and proximal forearm</p>
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75

Gluteus maximus

Buttock

<p>Buttock</p>
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76

Tensor fasciae latae

lateral and proximal thigh

<p>lateral and proximal thigh</p>
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77

Sartorius

Anterior thigh

<p>Anterior thigh</p>
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78

Quadriceps femoris group

Anterior thigh

Consists of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius)

<p>Anterior thigh</p><p>Consists of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius)</p>
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79

Hamstring group

Posterior thigh

Consists of bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

<p>Posterior thigh</p><p>Consists of bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus</p>
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80

Gracilis

Medial thigh

<p>Medial thigh</p>
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81

Tibialias anterior

Anterior leg

<p>Anterior leg</p>
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82

Gastrocnemius

Posterior leg (calf)

<p>Posterior leg (calf)</p>
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83

Soleus

Posterior (deep) leg

<p>Posterior (deep) leg</p>
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84

Peroneus Longus

Lateral leg

<p>Lateral leg</p>
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85

muscles of mastication (chewing)

masseter and temporalis

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86

Medications that are administered intramuscularly, go:

into the muscle

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87

Muscle strain

Overstretching or tearing of a muscle

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88

Muscle spasm

involuntary muscle contraction; cramp

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89

Dystonia

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the involuntary muscle contractions seen as repetitive movements or abnormal postures

<p>a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the involuntary muscle contractions seen as repetitive movements or abnormal postures</p>
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90

Torticollis

"wryneck"; head turns to one side or is pulled backwards or forwards

<p>"wryneck"; head turns to one side or is pulled backwards or forwards</p>
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91

Blepharospasm

involuntary twitching of the eyelid

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92

Craniofacial dystonia

Affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck; the jaws, lips, and tongue may also be affected

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93

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ through a weak muscle

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94

Tetanus

"Lockjaw": infectious disease characterized by continuous spasms of voluntary muscles

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95

Muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

Ex: Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

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96

Heel spur

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia

<p>calcium deposit in the plantar fascia</p>
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97

Plantar fasciitis

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

<p>inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot</p>
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98

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

Inflammation of the extensor muscles of the forearm, caused by overuse or trauma

<p>Inflammation of the extensor muscles of the forearm, caused by overuse or trauma</p>
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99

Shin splints

acute pain in the shin (tibia) caused by prolonged running, typically on hard surfaces.

<p>acute pain in the shin (tibia) caused by prolonged running, typically on hard surfaces.</p>
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100

Rotator cuff injury

inflammation of the rotator cuff in the shoulder caused by overuse

<p>inflammation of the rotator cuff in the shoulder caused by overuse</p>
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