Superconductivity

Superconductivity depends on

Magnetic

What is conductivity ?

Flow of electron from one place to another without any resistance and develop current is known as conductivity

Who place an important role in conductivity ?

Temperature

At certain temperature and resistance is 0 and its called

Superconductivity

What are the application of superconductor ?

• Magnetic trains

• MRI

• SQUIDS

• High speed supercomputers

• Power transmission cables

What is transition temperature ?

The temperature at which a material such as from solid to liquid or from magnetic to non-magnetic or conductor converts in superconductor

What are the properties of super conductor ?

• It is a low temperature phenomenon

• transition temperature is different for different substance

• ferro magnetic and anti fermi magnetic materials are not superoconductors

• Those metallic elements having their valence electrons lies between 2 to 8 to exhibit superconductivity

• Below the transition temperature the specific heat curve is discontinuous.

Material having high normal resistivity exhibit _______

superconductivity

Which material shows the superconductivity properties ?

zp = 10^6

Superconducting elements in general lie in the _____ columns of the periodic table

inner

Those metallic elements having their valence electrons lies between 2 to 8 to exhibit _______

superconductivity

What is meissner effect ?

The Meissner effect is a cool trick that superconductors can do.

When they become superconducting (very, very cold), they kick out all magnetic fields from inside them.

It's like they create a force field against magnets, making them float and repelling them.

ex - super fast train 😄 .

Diagram of meissner effect ?

In meissner effect the normal state the magnetic induction inside the specimen is

B = Uo (H+i)

What is H in the magnetic inside the specimen

external applied magnetic field

What is I in the magnetic inside the specimen

Magnetisation produce inside the speicmen

at B = 0 the specimen in semiconductor is ?

0

the value of X = -1

I

---

H

When will specimen act as a perfectly diamagnetic ?

X = 1 `

the magnetic flux passing through the specimen should not change on cooling to the ————————

Transition temperature

What are the types of semiconductor on the basis of diamagnetic res[onse ?

• Type 1 ( Soft superconductor )

• Type 2 ( Hard superconductor )

the superconductor which follow the meissner effect is called ?

Type I superconductor

the magnetism is disapper and the converting from superconductor state to normal state is sharp those are known as ____________

superconductors

diagram of Type 1 superconductors

superconductor which doesn’t follow the complete meissner effect is called ________-

Type II superconductor

why there is a tilt in graph of Type ii semiconductors

due to the unequal electron and hole effective masses

Diagram of Type II superconductor ?

The type 1 semiconductor has ____ critical field value Hc

single

The type 2 semiconductor has ______ critical field Hc1 and Hc2

two

is there any mixed state in Type 1 semiconductor ?

no

is ther any mixed state in type II Semiconductor ?

yeah !

Which are known as soft superconductor ?

Type I semiconductor !

Which are known as hard superconductor ?

Type II semiconductor !

Material with pure form are type _____ superconductor

I

Material with impurities or alloy are type _____ superconductor

II

What are the example of Type I semiconductor ?

Zn , Al , Hg

What are the example of Type II semiconductor ?

Zr , Nb

According to london’s equation the magnetic flux doesnot suddenly drop to zero at the surface of the type I semiconductor , but decrease ________

exponentially

types of josephon effect ?

• DC josephson effect

• AC josephson effect

what is DC josephson effect ?

The DC Josephson effect is the phenomenon where a supercurrent flows between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier without the potential difference

What is AC josephson effect ?

AC Josephson effect is a phenomenon in supercurrent flows between two superconductors separated by thin insulating barrier with the potential difference

What are the application of josephson effect ?

• Josephson effect is use to generate micro waves

• AC josephson effect is use to define standard volt

• AC josephson effect is used to measure very low temprature

• AC josephson effect is use for switching of signals from one circuit to another

BCS theory of superconductor was put forward by ———

bardeen , cooper

the BCS theory is introduced in which year ?

1957

the BCD theory can explain ?

• Mesinner effect

• Zero resistivity

Why we use BCS theory ?

To replace the phenomenon of superconductivity

What is the principle of nanomaterial ?

• Size Matters

• Quantum Effects

• Enhanced Properties

• Increased Surface Area

what is nano technology ?

Technology that works with materials and devices at the nanoscale, typically 1 to 100 nanometers.

What are the application of nano technology ?

• Healthcare and Medicine : early detect of disease

• Cosmetic - sunscreen

• Space Exploration - light weight

Properties of nano technology ?

• Thermal Properties

• Electrical Properties

• Optical Properties

• Magnetic Properties