Thanatology 2nd Semester

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/93

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

94 Terms

1
New cards

How has/does the media portray death?

The media portrayed the good things about death while diminishing the bad things. For example, they deny the fact that cancer is Canada’s leading cause of death.

2
New cards

Death is not a biological event, it’s a social phenomenon that’s seen as bad. As a result…

Anything related to death is also seen as bad

3
New cards

What are some purposes of funerals?

Acknowledge the death of deceased, acknowledge grief of bereaved, allow people to show emotion while also controlling the display of emotion

4
New cards

What is cultural consiousness?

An appreciation and awareness of diversity.

5
New cards

What is the ADEC? What is their goal?

The association for death education and counselling. They want to recognize diversity in death education.

6
New cards

What is culture?

Rules, values and beliefs that make up how a group lives.

7
New cards

What are some features of culture?

Dynamic, shared, learned

8
New cards

What is the biggest cultural assumption?

Everyone who looks the same is the same

9
New cards

Who is Pittu Lougani?

He was a British psychologist that looked at 4 contrasts in culture.

10
New cards

Explain cultures that focus on individualism vs communalism(Pittu)

Individualism: Focus on personal achievement, growth and independence

Communalism: Focus on family and community, also religion

11
New cards

Explain cultures that focus on cognitivism vs emotionalism(Pittu)

Cognitivism: Focus on logic and reason. Feelings are secondary.

Emotionalism: Focus on passion and beliefs. Feelings are encouraged.

12
New cards

Explain cultures that focus on free will vs determinism(Pittu)

Free Will: Values independent thinking and choice. Success is based on effort. Not very religious.

Determinsm: Values patterns like fate and karma. Success is predetermined. Very religious.

13
New cards

Explain cultures that focus on materialism vs spiritualism(Pittu)

Materialism: Values tangible stuff like goods and wealth.
Spiritualism: Values intangible things like beliefs and meaning of human existence.

14
New cards

Explain Canada’s duality of fear and fascination with death.

Canadians often avoid death, but there is a cultural intrigue seen in stuff like books and tourism.

15
New cards

What are some aspects and examples of death denying socieities?

Avoidance of death, language of resistance, funerals focus on celebrating life rather than acknowledging loss. Examples include North American societies.

16
New cards

What are some aspects and examples of death affirming societies?

Death is natural, seen as cyclical life, funerals often focus on sending off soul peacefully. Examples include Eastern Cultures and Indigenous

17
New cards

What is the Terror Management theory?

Main idea is we have a brain that can think about the future and know we will die. This awareness can hurt our survival instinct.

18
New cards

What is mortality salience? What are some of its effects?

The awareness that you will die. Some effects include making you want your people more, making you want outsiders less, greater adherence to social norms

19
New cards

What are some ways death anxiety manifests?

Avoidance behaviours: avoiding talking about death or attending funerals.
Risk Taking: Doing dangerous stuff like extreme sports

20
New cards

What are some cultural worldviews that help people reduce death anxiety?

Believing in afterlife, nutrients will return to earth, legacy and achievement (I will live on past my death), martyrdom

21
New cards

What is grief?

Internal experiences of loss.

22
New cards

What is mourning?

Outward culturally shaped expression of loss.

23
New cards

What is the Task Model of Grief theory? Also who is it by?

To deal with grief, you need to do 4 tasks: Accept loss, process pain, adjust to new environment, find enduring connection.
William Worden

24
New cards

What are cultural challenges people face in a healthcare setting?

Limits on number of visitors, restrictions on ceremonial items, lack of culturally competent care

25
New cards

What are posthumous celebrity careers?

The cultural/commercial impact a celebrity has after death.

26
New cards

What is the agency of the dead?

One’s influence after death.

27
New cards

What are the mechanisms of posthumous fame?

Symbolic value, economic value, digital technology

28
New cards

What is a timely celebrity death?

Died in old age, a bit sad but it’s ok

29
New cards

What is a tragic celebrity death?

Sudden death, often at young age

30
New cards

What is a Tragic-Foolish celebrity death?

Death because of poor life choices, becomes a warning to the masses

31
New cards

What is a Tragic-Heroic celebrity death?

Death because of bravery, adventure or creativity. Inspring. i.e. Terry Fox

32
New cards

What are some aspects of animated vs live action death in media?

Animated: bright colours, lighthearted music, makes it easier for kids to process death.
Live action: more intense, realistic, audiences are confronted by emotions

33
New cards

How death portrayals in pop culture help us grieve?

Processing grief through fictional characters, teaches us about how different cultures handle death,

34
New cards

Different cultures have _________________ to death

different traditions, beliefs and responses

35
New cards

What is accessible death?

Death presented by pop culture in a consumable, dramatized way. Lets people confront it indirectly.

36
New cards

What are morbid spaces?

Environments where people can safely engage with death. i.e. Films, TV

37
New cards

What is morbid sensibility?

An attraction to the themes of death and decay.

38
New cards

What are some of the impacts of graphic portrayals of death in pop culture?

Shapes viewers understanding of death, desensitizes them, can foster morbid curiosity

39
New cards

What is hospice/palliative care?

Care that focuses on relieving suffering and improving quality of life.

40
New cards

What is compassionate care?

Employment insurance that pays people when they have to be away from work to support a family member who are at a big risk of death.

41
New cards

What is closed awareness of dying?

Dying person is not aware that they’re dying, but others are

42
New cards

What is suspected awareness of dying?

Dying person suspects they are dying but others don’t confirm it.

43
New cards

What is mutual pretense dying?

Everyone one knows the dying person is dying but they all act as if they will recover

44
New cards

What is open awareness dying?

Everyone knows dying person is dying and openly talk about the fact.

45
New cards

Who was the first person to talk about grief work?

Sigmund Freud

46
New cards

Who did a study on traumatic deaths in a nightclub?

Erich Lindemann

47
New cards

Who made the 5 stages of grief theory? Also what are the 5 stages are grief?

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

48
New cards

Who made attachment theory? Also what is attachment theory?

John Bowlby, the idea that your attachment to the deceased greatly affects how you grieve.

49
New cards

Who made the phase based theory of mourning? Also what are the 4 phases of mourning?

Colin Parkes. Numbness, yearning, disorganization, reorganization

50
New cards

Who came up with the 5 phases of grief theory? Also what were the 5 phases?

Catherine Sanders. Shock, awareness, withdrawal, healing, renewal

51
New cards

Who came up with the 6 R’s of grief theory? Also what are the 6 R’s of grief?

Terese Rando


Recognize the loss

React to what has happened

Recollect and review memories

Relinquish the world as it once was

Readjust to life after loss

Reinvest in the world

52
New cards

What is the dual process model of grief?

A grieving person goes back and forth between longing/sorrow to rebuilding life.

53
New cards

What is the continuing bonds theory?

Death is just a change in the relationship, not a final end.

54
New cards

What is intrusive grief?

Ongoing, debilitating grief

55
New cards

What is traumatic loss vs traumatic grief?

Traumatic Loss - The event that causes the loss, i.e. multi-vehicle accident

Traumatic Grief - The response to traumatic loss

56
New cards

What is bereavement?

The situation of people who have experienced a loss.

57
New cards

What are factors that affect the grieving process?

Personal vulnerability, low trust in self/others, poor health, traumatic death

58
New cards

What are intuitive vs instrumental grievers?

Intuitive - Talks openly about deceased person
Instrumental - Focuses on doing things, doesn’t talk much about loss

59
New cards

What is a funeral?

An organized group centered response to death w/ ceremonies and body is there.

60
New cards

What is a ritual?

A culturally standardized ceremony made of a series of actions.

61
New cards

What is a funeral practice?

A method of disposing of deceased remains. i.e. cremation

62
New cards

What are Pre-death protocols?

Arrangements made before death. i.e. wills

63
New cards

What is embalming?

The preservation of a body by replacing bodily fluids with chemicals. Not permanent.

64
New cards

What is visitation?

Period before the funeral where loved ones gather to view body.

65
New cards

What is a burial?

The act of placing body into the ground.

66
New cards

What is cremation?

The burning of a body into ashes via very got fire.

67
New cards

What is a memorial service?

Like a funeral but body isn’t there.

68
New cards

What is an obituary?

Published notice of a person’s death.

69
New cards

What is a eulogy?

A speech made in honour of deceased

70
New cards

What is interment?

The act of putting deceased’s remains into final resting place.

71
New cards

In Canada, death must be registered. To register a body, you need:

SIN number and birth details of deceased

72
New cards

What are some aspects of a green burial?

No embalming, hand dug graves, biodegradable caskets

73
New cards

What are memorial diamonds?

Diamonds made from cremated ashes.

74
New cards

What is alkaline hydrolysis?

A water cremation that uses water and chemicals to dissolve body into a solution.

75
New cards

What are some roles of funeral directors?

Makes sure deceased’s wishes are met, embalms remains, arranges funerals

76
New cards

What is loss?

An irreversible experience of change.

77
New cards

What are some aspects of non-death loss?

Often not acknowledged by society, unique to the person, doesn’t have as many rituals

78
New cards

What is ambiguous loss?

An uncertain loss that lacks closure

79
New cards

What is disenfranchised grief?

When there is a failure to recognize a loss.

80
New cards

What is non-finite loss?

Ongoing losses with no foreseeable end. i.e. infertility

81
New cards

What is chronic sorrow?

The response to non-finite loss. i.e. parenting a child with a disability

82
New cards

What is empty nest syndrome?

A parent whose children have all moved out that misses when the household was full.

83
New cards

What is anticipatory grief?

The grief before a loss

84
New cards

What is the assumptive world?

The belief system in which people interpret life.

85
New cards

What are the components of the assumptive world?

Beliefs about the world, beliefs about others, beliefs about self and future expectatinos

86
New cards

What is secure attachment? (John Bowlby)

Child believes caregiver will always be available. Effects: comfortable w/ independency

87
New cards

What is insecure-avoidant attachment? (John Bowlby)

Child tries to rely on caregiver as little as possible. Effects: reluctant to seek help from others

88
New cards

What is resistant attachment? (John Bowlby)

Child is unsure about caregiver’s availability. Effects: Fear of abandonment, dependent on reassurance

89
New cards

What is disorganized attachment? (John Bowlby)

Abusive/traumatic caregving. Effects: Difficulty making stable relationships.

90
New cards

What are some narrative and expressive approaches to grieving?

Storytelling, music, visual arts, digital storytelling

91
New cards

What are some risks and challenges of first responders?

Exposure to trauma, self risk

92
New cards

What are some symptoms/effects of PTSD?

Flashbacks, efforts to avoid reminders, detachment

93
New cards

What is secondary trauma?

Psychological toll of helping survivors/grievers

94
New cards

How can regular exposure to grief in the workforce help personal growth?

More death awareness, resilience, living more intentionally