AP EURO Important Dates

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The Black Death

Pandemic that killed millions (1348-1351).

End of Hundred Years' War

Conflict concluded in 1453 between England and France.

Printing Press

Revolutionary invention by Gutenberg in 1455.

Columbus to New World

Voyage in 1492 that initiated European colonization.

Protestant Reformation

Movement beginning in 1517 challenging Catholic Church.

Peace of Augsburg

1555 treaty allowing Lutheranism in Holy Roman Empire.

Defeat of Spanish Armada

1588 naval battle against England's fleet.

Edict of Nantes

1598 decree granting religious freedom in France.

Dutch East India Company

Founded in 1600, major trading corporation.

Defenestration of Prague

1618 event triggering the Thirty Years' War.

Reign of Louis XIV

Period of absolute monarchy in France (1643-1715).

Treaty of Westphalia

1648 agreement ending the Thirty Years' War.

Hobbes' Leviathan

Philosophical work published in 1651 on social contract.

Newton's Principia Mathematica

1687 publication laying foundations of classical mechanics.

Glorious Revolution

1688 bloodless overthrow of King James II.

English Bill of Rights

1688 act limiting monarchy's power in England.

Locke's Two Treatises

1689 work advocating natural rights and government.

Treaty of Paris

1763 agreement ending the Seven Years' War.

American Revolutionary War

Conflict starting in 1776 for independence from Britain.

Wealth of Nations

1776 book by Adam Smith on economics.

French Revolution

Radical social and political upheaval (1789-1799).

Napoleon's Rise

Napoleon Bonaparte's ascent to power in 1799.

Congress of Vienna

1815 meeting to restore European stability post-Napoleon.

Unification of Italy

1861 event creating the Kingdom of Italy.

Emancipation of Serfs

1861 reform freeing serfs in Russia.

Unification of Germany

1871 event establishing the German Empire.

Berlin Conference

1884 meeting regulating European colonization in Africa.

Freud's Interpretation of Dreams

1900 publication introducing psychoanalysis concepts.

Russian Revolution

1917 uprising leading to Bolshevik control.

Treaty of Versailles

1918 agreement officially ending World War I.

Great Depression

1929 economic crisis following stock market crash.

World War II

Global conflict from 1939 to 1945.

UN Established

1945 organization formed to promote international cooperation.

NATO Formed

1949 military alliance for collective defense.

Sputnik Launched

1957 first artificial satellite by the USSR.

Berlin Wall Built

1961 barrier dividing East and West Berlin.

Second Vatican Council

1962 assembly addressing church reforms.

Prague Spring

1968 period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia.

Collapse of Berlin Wall

1989 event symbolizing end of Cold War.

Breakup of Soviet Union

1991 dissolution of USSR into independent states.

Maastricht Treaty

1992 agreement creating the European Union.

Euro Introduced

1999 currency adopted by many European nations.

Putin Elected President

2000 election marking significant political change in Russia.