AICP Flashcards

New York State Tenement House Law

A law enacted in 1901 aimed at improving safety and sanitation in tenement buildings, setting minimum standards for light, ventilation, and sanitation facilities.

Lawrence Vieller

An advocate for tenement reform, instrumental in advocating for the New York State Tenement House Law in 1901 and improving living conditions.

Jacob Riis

A social reformer and journalist whose work, particularly the book 'How the Other Half Lives,' in 1890 highlighted the struggles of the poor in New York City and influenced social reform efforts, including tenement housing improvements.

Image of the City

A significant urban study published in 1939 by Kevin Lynch that examined the social and economic conditions in New York City neighborhoods, contributing to reform in housing and urban planning.

LeCorbusier

Promoted his vision of a dream city, which he called the radiant city, beginning in the 1920s.

William H. Whyte

The term greenway was popularly used by William H. Whyte in the late 1960's.

Earth Day

Began April 22,1970. Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, proposed the first nationwide environmental protest.

Gaylord Nelson

Proposed the first nationwide environmental protest and created Earth Day on April 22nd, 1970.

First Comprehensive Plan

In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan.

Sector Theory

1939 - Homer Hoyt's theory stated that instead of concentric sets of neighborhoods, cities are primarily laid out in pie or wedge-shaped zones and corridors developed from the core of the city to the outskirts

Homer Hoyt

Homer Hoyt's influential "sector theory" of urban structure appears in his monograph, The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities.

Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel II

1983 - In a case focusing on Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, the New Jersey Supreme Court rules that all 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting blow against racial segregation.

Kevin Lynch

In 1960, "Image of the City" was written by Kevin Lynch. In the book, he defines basic elements of the city's "imageability" (paths, nodes, edges, etc.)

Nollan v. California Coastal Commission

Nollan sought to replace a beachfront bungalow with a larger house. Concerned that the larger structure would worsen the visual barrier between the road and the beach, the Commission conditioned the permit on the transfer of a public easement along the beach to enhance access to two nearby public beaches. The Court found that the condition constituted a taking because the dedication did not bear an logical nexus to the harm the Commission sought to address.

logical nexus

It signifies a necessary link that isn't necessarily direct but is plausible enough for a logical conclusion or legal requirement. 

The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act

The Act was published and distributed as an information piece by the U.S. Department of Commerce in 1924 and again, in slightly revised form, in 1926. All fifty states ultimately adopted the model zoning act in basically its original form.

Pelican Island

The first national wildlife refuge was created by President Theodore Roosevelt. Pelican Island was created on March 14, 1903. It was the first National wildlife refuge

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Among U.S., Canada, and Mexico begins on January 1, 1994, its purpose is to foster trade and investment among the three nations by removing or lowering non-tariff as well as tariff barriers.

Resettlement Administration