Human Bio Unit 4 Chp 3 Microorganisms

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What are 3 causes of disease?

Microorganisms (pathogenic) 

Lifestyle 

Genetic

What is disease?

A condition with a specific cause in which one or all parts of the body function less effectively and abnormally.

What are 4 types of pathogens?

Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa

Explain how bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa affect the organisms.

• Bacteria→release toxins as they multiply. Affect tissues 

• Virus→enter living cells to disturb metabolic systems of the cell. The genetic material of the virus takes over the cell→produces more viruses

• Fungi→hyphae secrete digestive enzymes→break down tissue→growth of hyphae→physically damage tissue

Some fungi→toxins→allegic reactions

• Protozoa→no set pattern 

Explain about bacteria

- Unicellular 

-Decomposer 

- No nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles

- Plasmid and flagellum (only ⅔)

-Asexual reproduction of binary fission

-Spherical 

-Rods

-Spirals

Explain bacterial cells and their functions

1. Capsule—> Hydration, prevents itself from antibiotics and WBC attack

2. Call wall—>Made out of peptidoglycan—>Extra protection

3. Cell surface membrane—>Control movement of substances in and out

4. Chromosome (nucleoid)—>Division and reproduction

5. Plasmid—>Extrachromosomal DNA—>Genetic engineering

6. Flagellum—>Movement

How to grow bacteria?

In a Petri dish containing agar or liquid called broth.

Binary fission of bacteria formula

2^n x number of bacteria given

Name the viruses and diseases caused by them, including symptoms.

Virus	Disease
Common cold	Cold အအေးမိ
Measles	Measles ဝက်သက်
Influenza	Flu တုပ်ကွေး
SARS-CoV-2	COVID-19
Disease HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)	Syndrome AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Plant  Tobacco mosaic virus	Impaired chloroplast synthesis→discoloration of leaf→imparied photosynthesis

Dengue virus

Dengue သွေးလွန်တုပ်ကွေး

Poliomyelitis virus

Polio

Mumps virus	Mumps ပါးချိတ်ရောင်ရောဂါ
Rubella virus  (German measles)	Rublella virus (ဂျိုက်သိုးရောဂါ or ဂျာမန်ဝက်သက်)

Ebola virus

Ebola

Name the bacteria and diseases caused by them

Bacteria	Disease / infection
Pneumococcus	Pneumonia (အဆုတ်ရောင်ရောဂါ)
Staphylococcus	Skin infection
Streptococcus	Pneumonia (အဆုတ်ရောင်ရောဂါ)
Spirochete	Syphilis ကာလသားရောဂါ
Salmonella	Typhoid အူရောင်ငန်းဖျား
Vibrio cholerae	Cholera ကာလဝမ်းရောဂါ

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhoea ဆီးပူညောင်းကျ

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Name the protist and the diseases caused by them

Protist	Disease
Amoeba	Amoeba
Chlorella	Infection
Plasmodium	Malaria ငှက်ဖျားရောဂါ

Trypanosoma

Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

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Name the fungi and diseases caused by them

Fungi	Diseases
Dermatophyte	Athlete’s foot

Candida albicans	Thrush
dermatophytes	Ringworm