Motor pathways
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31 Terms
Which part of the brain is responsible for selecting movement?
visual and frontal cortices
Which part of the brain is responsible for planning movement (A)?
basal nuclei
Which part of the brain is responsible for planning movement (B)?
cerebellum
Which part of the brain is responsible for initiating movement?
primary motor cortex
Which part of the brain is responsible for executing movement?
cerebellum
Which is the brown part of the brain?
pre-motor cortex
Which is the red part of the brain??
primary motor cortex
Which is the blue part of the brain?
primary sensory cortex
What is the split between the red and blue part of the brain?
central sulcus
What is the order of body parts in this homunculus?
toes knee hip trunk shoulder arm elbow wrist hand fingers thumb neck brow eye face lips jaw tongue swallowing
What is the light blue pathway?
tectum
What is the function if the tectospinal tract?
reflex head movements in response to visual, auditory and painful stimuli
What is the grey pathway?
basal ganglia
What is the black pathway?
hypothalamus
What is the reticulospinal tract?
control of muscle tone, posture and locomotion
What is the red pathway?
red nucleus
What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?
carries signals
What is the dark blue pathway?
vestibular nuclei
What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?
adjustments of posture to maintain balance during locomotion in response to vestibular signals
What is the brown pathway?
olive
What is the function of the olivospinal tract?
influences spinal reflexes
What are the twp types of somatic efferent nerves supplying skeletal muscles?
alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons
What is the function of alpha motor neurons?
thick axons, fast conduction, innervates extrafusal muscle fibres, drives muscle contraction
What is the function of gamma motor neurons?
thin axons, slow conduction, innervates intrafusal muscle spindles, re tensions spindle as muscle contracts to maintain proprioceptive feedback
Which neurotransmitter is used at the neuromuscular junction?
acetylcholine
What is it called when there is degeneration at A?
upper motor neuron disease
What is it called when there is degeneration at B?
lower motor neuron disease
What are symptoms of A?
muscle rigidity and spasm, hyperreflexia, hypertonia
What are symptoms of B?
no reflexes, wasting and weakness, hyporeflexia, hypotonia, flaccid paralysis
What causes A?
stroke, head injury, brain tumor, spinal cord injury
What causes B?
trauma to PNS, environmental toxins and viruses