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Gold Standard
1819 - 1914
Financial Crisis of 1907 in US (sparked the establishment of the Fed)
1907
Founding of the US Federal Reserve System (the Fed) by the Federal Reserve Act
1913
World War I (WWI) (abandonment of gold standard)
1914 - 1918
Interwar Period (countries attempt to return to gold standard)
1918 - 1939
The Stock Market Crash of 1929
1929
The Great Depression (roughly) (gold standard abandoned again)`
1929 - 1939
World War II
1939-1945
The Bretton Woods Conference set up the postwar fixed exchange rate system. (Bretton Woods System of fixed exchange rates: 1945 - 1973)
1944
The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union
1945 - 1991
Employment Act of 1946: Council of Economic Advisors, full employment goal
1946
Korean War
1950 - 1953
Vietnam War (Gulf of Tonkin incident, 1964)
1961 - 1973
The Fall of the Bretton Woods System due to speculation against US dollar.
1973
The First Oil Shock
1973 - 1974
The Second Oil Shock
1979 - 1980
Latin American Debt Crisis (“The Lost Decade”)
1982 - 1990s
Saving and Loan Crisis
1989
The Persian Gulf War with Iraq
1990 - 1991
Asian Currency Crisis
1997 - 1998
9/11 New York City World Trade Center terroist attack
2001
The Afghanistan War
2001 - 2021
The Euro: The start of the circulation of the ‘Euro’ currency in the Euro Zone.
2002
The Iraq War
2003 - 2011
Subprime Mortgage Crisis and Consequent Great Recession
2007 - 2009
COVID Crisis and Recession
2020 - 2022
Russian Invasion of Ukraine
2022 - ?
Hamas attack on Israel, potentially starting another war in the Middle East
2023 - ?