U.S History Midterm

What did the 13th amendment do?

Abolished all slavery except those who are punished for a crime

What did the 14th amendment do?

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

What did the 15th amendment do?

Granted African American men the right to vote.

Lincoln Presidential Reconstruction Plans

• Pardoned those who took an oath to loyalty to the union and end slavery

• To be readmitted to the union 10% of the the state’s voter had to take a loyalty oath to the Union and accept the end of slavery.

• It was not the job of the federal government to rebuild the South and grant political freedom to the slaves: this responsibility fell to the states.

Johnson Presidential Reconstruction Plan

Aimed to quickly restore Southern states to the Union with lenient terms, allowing former Confederate leaders to regain power. It required states to ratify the 13th Amendment, swear loyalty to the union, pay off war debts and draft new constitutions, but offered little protection for the rights of the former slaves.

Radical Republican Reconstruction Plan

• Punishment of those who participated in the rebellion

• To take the right to vote of former confederates and confiscation of property

• Believed that majority of the state should be required to swear loyalty

• Creation of new constitution that eliminated new practice

• Called for absolute equality for all citizen

• African Americans shold be granted equal rights and right to vote

• Military should be sent to the south to enforce laws

• Land should be consficated from former confederates and planter and redistributed to the south to enforce these laws

Who established the Freedmen's Bureau, and what was its purpose? List three activities of the bureau that helped it carry out its purpose.

Freedmen's Bureau was established by congress to help now free blacks establish their lives.
The bureau-
-Provided food and medical care
-helped freedmen arrange for wages and fair working conditions
-distributed land

How did new Southern state governments limited African Americans in the South?

• Black Codes Enacted During Presidential Reconstruction

• Limit the rights of freedmen - former slaves received the rights to marry, to own property, to work for wages, and to sue in court, but they did not have other rights of citizenship

• Help planters find workers to replace the slaves - required freedmen to work, and those without jobs could be arrested and hired out to planters

• Keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order

What are black codes?

Laws passed in 1865 and 1866 in the former Confederate states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

• Vote

• Education

• Working

• Owning property

How did Southerners attempt to resist Reconstruction efforts?

• Joined the Ku Klux Klan to intimidate African Americans into not voting

• Tried to convince African Americans to join the Democratic party

• Passed legislature to prevent African Americans from running for office

KKK Act of 1871

Authorized the president to send troops to arrest the people of the KKK to protect the right of the freedman

What were some voting issues that the Freedman faced during reconstruction?

• Poll taxes

• Literacy tests

• All-white primaries

• Felony disenfranchisement laws

• Grandfather clauses

What is manifest destiny?

The idea was that the US was destined by God to expand across North America to expand dominion and spread democracy. This belief eventually led to the displacement and removal of the Native Americans.