New Neuro

A spastic, scissoring gait, classically described as legs crossing over each other either each step, and the tips of shoes being worn down, are a sign up an __

-UMN disease

Fluent vs Non-Fluent Aphasia

Conduction aphasia is damage to the __, and shows as __

-arcuate fasciculus; inability to repeat simple phrases

First-line cranial treatment for an SBS compression?

How do you know someone has an SBS compression?

-CV4 technique(compression of ventricle 4)

-dramatically reduced cranial rhythm impulse

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve root?

Femoral nerve root?

Obturator nerve root?

Superior gluteal nerve root?

Sciatic and Tibial nerve root?

Inferior gluteal nerve root?

-L2-L3

-L2-S4

-L2-S4

-L4-S1

-L4-S3

-L5-S2

Common fibular nerve root?

Superficial fibular nerve root?

Deep fibular nerve root?

-L4-S2

-L5-S2

-L4-S1

Right PCA stroke

Both epidural and subdural hematomas follow trauma in older patients, how do you tell the difference, based on symptoms?

-epidural hematomas are much more severe and acute, while subdural hematomas may take a few weeks to show symptoms

Location of the nucleus of the facial nerve?

-caudal pons near the 4th ventricle

Cluster headache treatment?

Migraine headache treatment?

Tension headache treatment?

-100% oxygen and/or triptans

-acetaminophen

-NSAIDS and/or acetaminophen

Lack of a Sylvian fissure in a newborn means what?

-what trisomy is most associated with this?

-what maternal behavior is most associated with this?

-holoprosencephaly, where the 2 hemispheres failed to form, resulting in a single-lobed brain

-trisomy 13

-alcohol use, retinoic acid use, and maternal diabetes

Patient having diminished position and vibration in only the right lower extremity?

-right gracile fasciculus

Loss of sensation over the right suprapubic area following appendectomy implies injury to what nerve?

-iliohypogastric nerve

What nerve injury related to…

-abdominal surgery?

-inguinal hernia surgery?

-laparoscopic surgery?

-tight-fitting clothing?

-pelvic surgery?

-iliohypogastric

-ilioinguinal

-genitofemoral

-lateral femoral cutaneous

-obturator

Epidural hematomas are due to trauma of what artery? What does this branch from? What does THIS branch from?

-middle meningeal; maxillary artery; external carotid

A homonymous quadrantanopia is caused by a (ipsilateral/contralateral) lesion?

-contralateral

What cell type does MS target?

-oligodendrocytes

What CNS cell type is this?

Buzzwords in a question stem that points towards this?

-microglial cells

-difficult to identify with hematoxylin and eosin stains or Nissl stains; typically in a resting state, but activate in areas of CNS damage

The Bragard test is a modification of the __, so it also looks for __

-straight leg raise test; lumbar disc herniation

Muscles of mastication include…

Mercury toxicity inhibits __

Lead toxicity inhibits __

Benzene toxicity suppresses __

Cyanide toxicity causes __

Carbon monoxide toxicity binds to __

-soloenzymes

-ferrochelatase

-cell cycle by p53-mediated overexpression of p21

-uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

-hemoglobin

Child has numerous pale areas of skin, as well as reddish-brown papules on the nose and cheeks in a butterfly distribution; has holocystolic murmur?

-pattern of inheritance?

-Tuberous sclerosis

-autosomal dominant

Dextromethorphan in low doses acts as a __, while in high doses acts as a __

-mu agonist; NMDA antagonist

Definitive diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome?

-nerve conduction study

Pattern of inheritance of Huntington’s?

-chromosome?

-autosomal dominant

-4

Embryonic germ layers

Conus medullaris vs Cauda equina

Guillain-Barré syndrome first-line?

-plasmapharesis(removes antibodies from bloodstream that contributes to immune system’s attack) and IVIG

Cell type origin

Late stage syphilis causes what neuro issue?

Which shows up as?

-Tabes dorsalis

-loss of ipsilateral position and vibration