Molecules of Life Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the molecules of life, as discussed in the lecture.

Starch Grains

Scanning electron micrograph of starch grains found in the seeds of legumes.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that provide quick energy.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates that support cells and store energy, examples include cellulose, chitin, starch, and glycogen.

Proteins

Polymers of amino acids that carry out nearly all the work of the cell.

Nucleic acids

Polymers of nucleotides that store and use genetic information.

Lipids

Diverse group of macromolecules that are hydrophobic and include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.

Hydrolysis

A reaction that breaks down molecules by the addition of water.

Dehydration Synthesis

A process that joins molecules by removing water.

Enzyme

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up biochemical reactions.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that require a diet of biochemicals essential for life.

Glycerol

A component of triglycerides, which are fats.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds.

Phospholipids

Molecules made of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that form major parts of biological membranes.

Steroids

Lipid molecules characterized by a core structure of four fused carbon rings.

Waxes

Fatty acids combined with other hydrocarbons or alcohols, providing waterproofing.