CH 2 Mycology, Virology, and Parasitology Elsevier

1. Which of the following terms is best described as the

process of reproduction in yeast that begins with a

weakening and outpouching of the yeast cell wall

and then formation of a cell wall septum between

the mother and daughter yeast cells?

a. Binary fission

b. Unisexual division

c. Budding

d. Outpouch germing

c. Budding

2. The loose intertwined network of basic structural

units of the molds that penetrates the substrate from

which it obtains the necessary nutrients for growth is

called which of the following?

a. Hyphae

b. Germ tubes

c. Pseudohyphae

d. Mycelium

d. Mycelium

3. The term hyaline molds is used to describe which of

the following?

a. Molds that have septate hyphae

b. Molds that have septate, nonpigmented hyphae

c. The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae

or the spores

d. Molds with intercalated hyaline chlamydoconidia

c. The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae

or the spores

4. Large,usuallymultiseptateandclub-shapedor spindleshaped

spores are called which of the following?

a. Microconidia

b. Macroconidia

c. Conidiophores

d. Phialides

b. Macroconidia

(see pic) 5. A Scotch tape preparation is made from a mold

growing on solid media in the mycology laboratory.

The structure shown in the image is best described as

which of the following?

a. Sporangium

b. Blastoconidia

c. Ascospores

d. Conidiophore

d. Conidiophore

6. Apatient with aWood's lamp-positive, dermatophytic

infection has a skin scraping taken for culture. The

organism grows on SDA agar with a light-tan front

and salmon-colored reverse. Microscopically the

organism produces rare distorted macroconidia and

rare microconidia. Additionally, there was no growth

on sterile ricemedia.What is themost likely organism?

a. Microsporum canis

b. Microsporum gypseum

c. Microsporum audouinii

d. Epidermophyton floccosum

c. Microsporum audouinii

7. A KOH preparation of respiratory secretions of a 78-

year-old man reveals large, spherical, thick-walled

yeast cells 8 to 15 mmin diameter, usuallywith a single

bud that is connected to the parent cell by a broad base.

Which fungus will likely be isolated from the culture?

a. Coccidioides immitis

b. Blastomyces dermatitidis

c. Histoplasma capsulatum

d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

b. Blastomyces dermatitidis

8. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Coccidioides

immitis?

a. Has a higher dissemination rate in white females

b. Is endemic in the northeastern United States

c. Produces endosporulating spherules in tissue

d. Forms foot cells

c. Produces endosporulating spherules in tissue

(see pic) 9. Using PAS to stain a respiratory specimen from a

patient with lung disease, the technologists observed

the organisms in the image. Based on the microscopic

morphology shown in the image, the most likely identification

of the dimorphic fungi is which of the

following?

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

b. Coccidioides immitis

c. Histoplasma capsulatum

d. Sporothrix schenckii

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

(see pic) 10. A landscaper noticed a hard, unmovable lump under

the skin of his index finger but decided to ignore it. A

month later, the lump ulcerated to present a necrotic

appearance, and two more lesions developed further

up the wrist and forearm. A histologic stain of material

from deep in the lesions showed elongated yeast

cells resembling cigars. What disease is suspected?

a. Mycetoma

b. Sporotrichosis

c. Chromoblastomycosis

d. Blastomycosis

b. Sporotrichosis

11. A germ tube-negative yeast is isolated in the laboratory.

The isolate is found to be negative for urease

and unable to assimilate dextrose, maltose, or

sucrose. CMT agar morphology showed blastoconidia

only. The organism is most likely:

a. Candida albicans

b. Candida parapsilosis

c. Torulopsis glabrata

d. Geotrichum candidum

c. Torulopsis glabrata

12. Which of the following is a key characteristic by

which an unknown Cryptococcus spp. can be identified

as Cryptococcus neoformans?

a. Appearance of yellow colonies

b. Positive urease test

c. Presence of a capsule

d. Positive niger seed agar test

d. Positive niger seed agar test

13. Which of the following statements concerning the

germ tube test is true?

a. Using a heavy inoculum enhances the rapid production

of germ tubes

b. Germ tubes should be read after 2 hours of incubation

at 25 C

c. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be

used as positive and negative controls,

respectively

d. Serum will be stable for 1 year if stored at room

temperature

c. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be

used as positive and negative controls,

respectively

(see pic) 14. An immunocompromised patient exhibited fever,

nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. Routine

and fungal cultures did not grow. The respiratory

specimen was stained with a silver stain in

anatomic pathology. Based on the microscopic morphology

in the image, what is the most likely identification

of this organism?

a. Pneumocystis jiroveci

b. Saccharomyces sp.

c. Candida albicans

d. Cryptococcus sp.

a. Pneumocystis jiroveci

(see pic) 15. A significant amount of yeast was isolated from a

vaginal culture of a patient in the teen clinic of your

hospital. It exhibited the following characteristics:

Microscopic: Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae,

terminal chlamydoconidia

Positive germ tube

Positive sucrose

Which of the following is the most likely identification

of this fungi? (Image from primary plate,

gram-stained smear, 40x.)

a. Rhodotorula rubra

b. Candida albicans

c. Geotrichum candidum

d. Trichosporon beigelii

b. Candida albicans

(see pic) 16. The pharmacy at your hospital was concerned about

the hyperalimentation fluid they were preparing. The

high lipid contact was a concern for contamination.

A PAS stain of the suspect fluid is shown. Which of

the following organism would most likely demonstrate

this morphology?

a. Candida albicans

b. Malassezia furfur

c. Trichosporon cutaneum

d. Scedosporium apiospermum

b. Malassezia furfur

(see pic) 17. Several important types of conidiation of dematiaceous

fungi exist. The image is an example of which

one of these forms? (Lactophenol cotton blue stain.)

a. Cladosporium type

b. Phialophora type

c. Rhinocladiella type

d. Rinderpest type

c. Rhinocladiella type

18. A mold isolated in the laboratory displays a white

cottony macroscopic morphology. On microscopic

evaluation, hyaline, septate hyphae, and "toothbrush"-

like conidiophres are seen. The most likely

organism is which of the following?

a. Aspergillus sp.

b. Acremonium sp.

c. Gliocladium sp.

d. Scopulariopsis sp.

b. Acremonium sp.

19. A mold is isolated in the laboratory that displays a

velvety, gray-green colony morphology. On microscopic

evaluation, flask-shaped conidiophores

arranged in a brushlike formation are seen. The most

likely organism is which of the following?

a. Penicillium sp.

b. Acremonium sp.

c. Paecilomyces sp.

d. Scopulariopsis sp.

a. Penicillium sp.

(see pic) 20. A patient who underwent solid organ transplant

appears to have systemic fungemia. The organism

that has grown from the blood cultures macroscopically

had a blue-green color to the colony, matured in

3 days, and grew well at 45 C. Microscopically, foot

cells were seen and the phialides were uniserate with

a round vesicle and columnar conidia. Which of the

following is the most likely identification of this

mold?

a. Aspergillus fumigatus

b. Aspergillus niger

c. Scopulariopsis sp.

d. Fusarium sp

a. Aspergillus fumigatus

21. The protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid of a

virion is called which of the following?

a. Capsomere

b. Capsid

c. Capsule

d. Nucleocapsid

b. Capsid

22. During viral assembly, how are viral envelopes

acquired?

a. By production of envelope constituents by host

cellular DNA

b. As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

c. Through replication of viral nucleic acid

d. As host cell lysis produces many membrane

fragments

b. As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

23. Prions are best described by which of the

following?

a. Infectious viral RNA without capsid proteins

b. Infectious protein with no associated nucleic

acid

c. Infectious viral DNA without capsid proteins

d. Nonenveloped virus highly resistant to heat and

chemical inactivation

b. Infectious protein with no associated nucleic

acid

24. The viral nucleocapsid always contains which of the

following?

a. Viral genome

b. Virus-encoded glycoprotein

c. Virus-encoded polymerase

d. Viral envelope

a. Viral genome

25. Which of the following viruses are thought to

predominately cause gastroenteritis?

a. Hepadnaviruses

b. Filoviruses

c. Noroviruses

d. Arboviruses

c. Noroviruses

26. Which of the following groups contains the SARS

virus?

a. Calicivirus

b. Coronavirus

c. Flavivirus

d. Filovirus

b. Coronavirus

27. Which of the following groups of virus is best

described as:

ssRNA, enveloped,

Pleomorphic/spherical capsid

Large club-shaped spikes on surface gives "corona"

effect

Causes approximately 15% of coldlike illness

a. Influenza A

b. Influenza B

c. Coronaviruses

d. Pneumovirus

c. Coronaviruses

28. Which of the following is the specimen of choice for

detecting rotavirus?

a. Throat swab

b. Urine sample

c. Bronchoalveolar wash

d. Feces sample

d. Feces sample

29. The test of choice and most sensitive assay for use

with CSF to diagnose aseptic meningitis caused by

enterovirus is which of the following?

a. Cell culture

b. PCR

c. Antigenemia immunoassay

d. Shell vial assay

b. PCR

(see pic) 30. A specimen from a genital lesion was inoculated into

a standard set of cells for virus isolation. On day 1 the

human foreskin fibroblasts exhibited the CPE shown

in the figure

a. Herpes simplex virus

b. Adenovirus

c. Cytomegalovirus

d. Epstein-Barr virus

a. Herpes simplex virus

31. Trophozoite forms of amoebae are found in what

type of stool specimen?

a. Formed

b. Loose

c. Soft

d. Watery

d. Watery

32. Which preservation method is most suitable and

the most widely used for subsequent fixed smear

preparation?

a. Formalin-ethyl acetate

b. PVA

c. Trichrome

d. MIF

b. PVA

33. If the ova of this parasite are ingested by humans, the

oncosphere form can migrate through the body via

the bloodstream, resulting in the condition known

as cysticercosis. Which of the following is correct?

a. Taenia solium

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Hymenolepis nana

d. Clonorchis sinensis

a. Taenia solium

34. Ova recovered from the stool are routinely used to

diagnose infections caused by all of the following

except?

a. Necator americanus

b. Ascaris lubricoides

c. Trichuris trichiura

d. Strongyloides stercoralis

d. Strongyloides stercoralis

35. An MLS finds an E. coli cyst on a wet mount of a

fresh stool specimen. Which of the following should

be done?

a. Request a second specimen

b. Look for additional E. coli cysts

c. Examine the remaining area of the wet preparation

d. Generate a final report

c. Examine the remaining area of the wet preparation

36. Which of the following parasites have migration

through the lungs as part of their lifecycle?

a. Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale,

Strongyloides stercoralis

b. Giardia lamblia, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia

malayi

c. Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella

spiralis

d. Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Blastocystis

hominis

a. Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale,

Strongyloides stercoralis

(see pic) 37. The image below is of a suspected parasite seen on

direct examination of material taken from a corneal

scraping in an ophthalmology clinic. The most likely

identification of the parasite in this specimen is

which of the following?

a. Acanthamoeba sp.

b. Enterobius sp.

c. Paragonimus sp.

d. Naegleria sp.

a. Acanthamoeba sp.

(see pic) 38. The organism shown below was recovered from the

stool of a patient who resides in rural Texas. The

most likely identification is which of the following?

a. Ascaris lumbricoides

b. Ancyclostoma duodenale

c. Necator americanus

d. Trichuris trichiura

d. Trichuris trichiura

(see pic) 39. The eggs in the figure below were found in the urine

of a Peace Corp worker who had just returned to the

United State after spending 2 years in the Middle

East. The eggs measured about 160 mmlong60 mm

wide. Which of the following organisms is the most

likely identity?

a. Diphyllobothrium latum

b. Schistosoma haematobium

c. Schistosoma japonicum

d. Schistosoma mansoni

b. Schistosoma haematobium

(see pic) 40. A patient was diagnosed with cysts in his liver. He is

originally from Australia, where he was involved in

a sheep herding operation. The adult parasite shown

below was passed by his pet dog. It measured 5 mm.

What is themost likely identification of this organism?

a. Diphyllobothrium latum

b. Dipylidium caninum

c. Echinococcus granulosus

d. Taenia solium

c. Echinococcus granulosus

(see pic) 41. These trophozoites were found in a trichromestained

slide of a stool sample, measuring an average

of 25 microns in diameter. Which of the following is

the most likely identity of this organism?

a. Endolimax nana

b. Entamoeba coli

c. Balantidium coli

d. Dientamoeba fragilis

b. Entamoeba coli

42. The cyst in the image below was observed in a stool

sample of a child at a daycare center. The ovoid cyst

measures approximately 108 microns. Which

organism is the most likely cause of the child's

diarrhea?

a. Chilomastix mesnili

b. Cyclospora cayetanensis

c. Giardia lamblia

d. Iodamoeba butschlii

c. Giardia lamblia

(see pic) 43. The image below is a cyst found in a human fecal

smear. The cyst measured about 12 mm in length

and contained four nuclei and a rounded chromatoid

bar. The patient had severe diarrhea and some blood

in the stool. What is the most likely identification of

this organism?

a. Endolimax nana

b. Entamoeba coli

c. Entamoeba histolytica

d. Iodamoeba butschlii

c. Entamoeba histolytica

44. Match the parasite with the most appropriate

description.

_____ Plasmodium falciparum

_____ Plasmodium malariae

_____ Plasmodium ovale

_____ Plasmodium vivax

a. RBC enlarged, oval, Schuffner's dots, gametocytes

seen by day 4 to 18

b. Large RBC, troph irregular, multiple phases seen,

gametocytes appear early

c. Delicate ring forms, multiple rings per cell,

crescent-shaped gametocytes after 7 to 10 days

d. RBC normal in size and color, troph compact,

band forms may be seen, gametocytes seen

after weeks

a. c.; b. d.; c. a.; d. b.

(see pic) 45. Microfilariae found in the blood that have a sheath,

demonstrate nocturnal periodicity and exhibit nuclei

that do not extend to the tail tip are which of the

following?

a. Brugia malayi

b. Onchocerca volvulus

c. Loa loa

d. Wuchereria bancrofti

d. Wuchereria bancrofti

46. Necator americanus rhabditiform larvae can be differentiated

from Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform

larvae by:

a. Length of the notched tail

b. Length of the head region

c. Segmentation

d. Size of the genital primordium

d. Size of the genital primordium

(see pic) 47. The image below is from a fecal smear of an individual

complaining of diarrhea and intestinal discomfort.

The parasites were numerous and quite

variable in size, but the majority measured about

15 to 20 mmin diameter. What is the most likely identification

of this organism?

a. Blastocystis hominis

b. Cyclospora cayetanensis

c. Isospora belli

d. Balantidium coli

a. Blastocystis hominis

48. Match the scientific name with the corresponding

common name.

_____ Sarcoptes scabei

_____ Ixodes scapularis

_____ P. humanus humanus

_____ Cimex lectularius

a. Body louse

b. Bedbug

c. Scabies

d. Lyme disease

a. c.; b. d.; c. a.; d. b

49. The only known human tapeworm with an operculum

is:

a. Diphyllobothrium latum

b. Hymenolepis nana

c. Giardia lamblia

d. Schistosoma haematobium

a. Diphyllobothrium latum

(see pic) 50. Identify the following organism as it appears in this

peripheral blood smear.

a. Trypanosoma sp.

b. Leishmania sp.

c. Wuchereria bancrofti

d. Loa loa

a. Trypanosoma sp.