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European Colonization

The establishment of colonies by European powers in North America for economic, religious, and social reasons.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that promotes government regulation of a nation's economy for augmenting state power, with the belief that wealth is measured by gold and silver.

New England Economy

Characterized by small towns, family farms, and a mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.

Chesapeake Colonies

Dominated by tobacco plantations and relied on indentured servants and later enslaved Africans.

Middle Colonies

A diverse region with a mixed economy of agriculture and trade, known for its religious tolerance.

Southern Colonies

Focused on plantation agriculture, heavily reliant on enslaved labor.

Triangle Trade

A trade network that involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas, where goods, including enslaved Africans, were exchanged.

The Middle Passage

The brutal voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.

First Great Awakening

A religious revival that increased fervor, led to new denominations, and challenged the authority of established churches.

Transition from Indentured Servitude to Enslaved Labor

Shift in labor source from indentured servants to enslaved Africans due to economic profitability and demand for labor.

Economic Impact of Colonization

Colonies provided raw materials to Europe and acted as markets for European goods.

Social Mobility

The ability for individuals to improve their social status, which attracted many Europeans to the colonies.

Cultural Exchange

Interaction between Europeans and Native Americans that led to trade, religious conversion, and alliances.

Religious Freedom

A key reason for founding colonies such as Plymouth and Maryland, attracting those seeking escape from persecution.

Religious Impact of the First Great Awakening

Led to increased religious fervor, conversions, and emergence of new denominations.

Economic Differences Between Colonies

Variations in economic structures based on geography, with New England focusing on mixed economies, and Southern Colonies on plantation agriculture.

Conflicts with Native Americans

Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans over land and resources, leading to wars and displacement of Native populations.

Development of Colonial Governments

Colonial governments varied in structure but commonly included a governor, council, and assembly.

Col

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas, transforming agriculture and lifestyles.