February Test 2025

Density-Independent Factors

Environmental events that affect population irrespective of size (e.g., drought, flood).

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size an environment can sustain without degradation.

Exponential Growth

A rapid increase in population size without resource limitations.

Logistic Growth

Population growth that occurs when a population's size approaches carrying capacity, forming an S-shaped curve.

r-selected Species

Species that exhibit rapid reproduction, low parental care, and high offspring mortality (e.g., bullfrogs).

K-selected Species

Species that have longer development times, fewer offspring, and higher survival rates (e.g., elephants).

Type I Survivorship Curve

Characterized by high survival rates in early and middle life stages, as seen in humans.

Type II Survivorship Curve

Demonstrates a consistent mortality rate throughout life stages, found in some birds.

Type III Survivorship Curve

Shows high mortality rates in early life and low mortality in later years, typical of many plants.

Resource Partitioning

Different species utilizing the same resource in varied ways to coexist.

Soil Composition

Classification of soil based on particle size: sand, silt, clay, and loam.

Polyculture

The practice of planting multiple crop varieties in the same field to enhance biodiversity and resilience.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

A sustainable pest control strategy that uses biological, cultural, and chemical methods.

Primary Succession

Ecological succession that begins on bare rock, starting with organisms like lichens.

Secondary Succession

Ecological succession that occurs in an environment where soil is already present after disturbances.

Demographic Transition Model

Illustrates population growth through various stages, analyzing fertility trends and societal development.

Sustainability Factors

Factors such as carrying capacity and intrinsic growth rate that are crucial in population dynamics.

Erosion

The process that leads to the loss of soil and can be exacerbated by deforestation.

Climax Communities

Stable ecosystems that can sustain themselves over time.