Music App.- Music in the Nineteenth Century & Romanticism

What does “Chiarina” stand for?

Young Clara

What is a “lasson”?

Brief dramatic introduction

What kind of recording started in the mid 1800’s?

Sound recording

What percussion instruments are featured in *1812 Overture*?

Large bells and a battery of cannons

What is a consumptive?

One suffering from tuberculosis

Romanticism might be defined as a cultural movement stressing what?

Emotion, imagination, and individuality

What is absolute music?

Music for the sake of music

Did the Paris public accept or appreciate Berlioz’s music?

No

Who was an African American baritone singer and arranger of spirituals who studied under Dvořák?

Henry T. Burleigh

Who is Baal?

Pagan god

What sought-after recognition did Berlioz earn in 1830?

Prix de Rome

At the age of eighteen, what was Berlioz sent to Paris to study?

Medicine

With what alluring actress did Berlioz become obsessed, and later married?

Harriet Smithson

Berlioz wrote the first comprehensive book in what field of music?

Orchestration

What was name of Berlioz’s autobiography? 

Mémoires

What kind of symphony was Berlioz’s *Symphonie Fantastique*?

Program symphony

What is Bohemia known as now?

Czech Republic

Brahms was keenly aware of walking in whose shadow?

Beethoven

Which city became Chopin’s adopted home in 1831?

Paris

What are examples of character pieces by Chopin?

Mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, etudes, ballades, polonaises, and preludes

For how long did Clara not see her husband before he died?

Over two years and then only two days before his death

Who were important early nineteenth-century composers of German *Lieder*?

Robert and Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms, and Franz Schubert

Later in the century, what composers would synthesize and transform opera into an even more dramatic genre?

Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner

What do we call a composition for solo voice and piano that merges poetic and musical concerns?

Art song

At what age did Tchaikovsky enter the newly created Conservatory of St. Petersburg?

Twenty‑three

What was the dominant world power at that time?

England

Where did Dvořák work from 1892 until 1895?

National Conservatory in the United States

From 1870 until 1903, how many operas did Dvořák write?

Ten

What composer recognized Dvořák and encouraged him to devote his energy to composing?

Brahms

What is an event generally held in the home of a well-to-do lover of the arts where musicians and other artists were invited for entertainment and conversation?

Soirée

Most agree that in 1832, the failure of Felix’s application for the position as head of the Berlin *Singakademie* was partly due to what?

His Jewish ethnicity

Who were some famous continental philosophers of that time? 

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Georg Wilhem Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

How many compositions did Fanny Mendelssohn write? 

More than 450

Who is Faust?

A man who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge

What fed the rise of Nationalism at that time?

Continued rise of the middle class as well as the rise of republicanism and democracy

Felix Mendelssohn was well-versed in the musical styles of what composers? 

Mozart, Handel, & Bach

What do we call the festive celebrations that occur each year before the Christian season of Lent?

Carnaval

Who followed in Smetana’s footsteps?

Antonín Dvořák

In what form is the third movement of Brahms’ First Symphony?

ABA

What did author Mary Shelley explore in the novel *Frankenstein*, o*r the Modern Prometheus*?

 Nature and the supernatural

Who sponsored Franz Liszt with a stipend to pursue his musical interests in Paris?

Group of Hungarian noblemen

Where did Fryderyk Chopin grow up?

Around Warsaw, Poland

What is the name of the grim reaper sort of king of the fairies, who appears to young children when they are about to die, and lures them into the world beyond?

Erlking

In 1831 in Paris, Liszt attended a concert performed by whom?

Virtuoso violinist Paganini

What instrument that is still in use today achieved its modern form in the nineteenth century?

Piano

Johannes Brahms is often thought of as breathing new life into what?

Classical forms

What is *La Marseillaise*?

French national anthem

What does *Largo* mean?

Slow

How many symphonic poems did Liszt write?

Thirteen

With whom did Liszt travel to Switzerland for a few years, and have three children?

Countess Marie d’Agoult

What was Liszt’s primary goal in music composition?

Pure expression through the idiom of tone

What became the literary genre of choice in the nineteenth century?

Novel

What is a mazurka?

Polish dance

Mendelssohn descended from a family of prominent intellectuals of what faith?

Jewish

Where was Mendelssohn’s music very popular?

England

What were some new important miniature genres and forms in the nineteenth century?

Lied and short piano composition

What is the Moldau? 

Main river in Bohemia

By the end of the nineteenth century, who were some of the most famous personalities of their time?

Traveling virtuoso performers and composer

What are musical motives that are associated with a specific character, theme, or locale in a drama?

Leitmotiv

Name one of the ways through which Nationalism was expressed:

Songs and dances of native people; mythology; celebration of a national hero, historic event, or scenic beauty of country

Who were some naturalists of that time?

John James Audubon, John Muir, and Charles Darwin

What is the nickname of the theme from the second movement of the *New World Symphony*?

Coming home theme

What is the nineteenth century called in music?

Romantic Era

To how many children did Clara give birth?

Eight

What is the official march of the Marine Corps?

Semper Fidelis

After joining the Oratory of the Madonna del Rosario and taking minor orders, by what name did he become known? 

Abbé Liszt

Who commissioned and premiered the *New World Symphony*?

The New York Philharmonic

What were private musical gatherings in Vienna featuring the songs of Schubert called?

Schubertiade

When did Realism become prominent in art and literature?

1850’s

What is a recurring theme representing and ideology or person that provides continuity through a musical work?

Idée fixe

In what year did Felix Mendelssohn lead a revival of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion?

1829

What do we call the robbing of time from one note to give it to another?

Rubato

How did Robert & Clara Schumann get acquainted?

After Robert moved to Leipzig and started studying piano with Friedrich Wieck, Clara’s father

When Robert Schumann suffered weakness of fingers and hands, what did he shift to?

Music journalism and music composition

Name three Russian nationalist composers:

Modest Mussorgsky, Alexander Borodin, and Nicolai Rimsky‑Korsakov

Where did Schubert spend his entire life?

Vienna

What kind of work did Schubert do until his late teens?

Teaching school

What is Schubert’s greatest legacy?

His more than 600 Lieder, or art songs

What are the sections of a march called?

Strains

What were short piano compositions described as? 

Character pieces

At what age did Smetana begin giving public piano performances?

Six

What is the name of Smetana’s cycle of six symphonic poems?

My Country

Sousa conducted the Marine band for twelve years under the administrations of what presidents?

Rutherford Hayes, James Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Chester Arthur, & Benjamin Harrison

How many marches did Sousa write?

 136

What did Stravinsky say about Tchaikovsky?

“He was the most Russian of us all!”

Who succeeded Giacomo Rossini as the most important Italian opera composer of his days?

Giuseppe Verdi

By the end of the century, how long might a typical symphony be?

Hour long

What tragedy, with profound lasting effect, happened to Tchaikovsky at age 14?

His mother died of cholera

Who was Tchaikovsky’s benefactor – a widowed industrialist? 

Nadezhda von Meck

How long did Tchaikovsky’s marriage last?

Less than a month

Where did Romanticism begin before spreading to art and music?

Literature

How many music dramas are featured in *The Ring of the Nibelungen*?

Four

What are two of the leitmotivs from the conclusion to *The Valkyrie*?

Wotan’s Spear, Loge’s music, Sleep, Siegfried’s Sword, & Fate

What are three sub-categories of Romanticism?

Realism, nationalism, and exoticism

What form utilizes transformation of a few themes through the entire work for continuity?

Symphonic poem

What is a literal translation of the word *verismo*?

Realism

What were two famous novels by Victor Hugo? 

The Hunchback of Notre‑Dame (1831), & Les Misérables (1862)

Who were some visual artists of that time? 

Caspar David Friedrich, Eugène Delacroix, & Francisco Goya

What voice type is the role of Elijah? 

Bass‑baritone

What made Wagner decide to become a composer at age 13? 

He heard the music of Beethoven