Psychology 101 final exam review

Psychology in action by Huffman 12th edition

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to achieve, gain approval, and excel falls under __.

Esteem

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, __ needs include hunger and thirst.

Physiological

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotion begins with __.

Physiological arousal

The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that environmental stimuli trigger the __ which in turn sends messages activating physiological arousal.

Thalamus

The Schacter-Singer theory posits that physiological arousal is first experienced, then __ before emotion is felt.

Labeled

and are two types of heuristics that affect judgment and decision-making.

Representativeness and Availability

Sultan the ape used and to get bananas.

Insight and problem-solving

Chomsky proposed that children have a __ that enables them to analyze language.

Language acquisition device

Gardner’s theory outlines __ types of intelligence.

9

Sternberg described three types of intelligence: academic, __, and __.

Creative, practical

A lack of stimulation and limited educational opportunities can prevent children in __ from reaching their full intellectual potential.

Deprived Environments

In Zimbardo's experiment, college students assigned as __ exhibited abusive behavior.

Guards

Asch's experiment studied __ through a line study.

Conformity

Milgram's experiment examined how __ people are when an authority figure tells them to do something.

Obedient

The tendency to assume someone's behavior reflects their personality, rather than their environment, is called __.

Fundamental attribution error

__ is the discomfort felt when an individual's beliefs and actions contradict each other.

Cognitive dissonance

__ refers to a person making less effort in group work than in individual work.

Social loafing

__ is the fear of confirming a stereotype to be true.

Stereotype threat

is the thought, while is the action.

Prejudice; Discrimination

__ refers to a group tendency to make decisions that are more extreme than the original thoughts of individual members.

Group polarization

__ refers to prosocial behaviors to help or benefit others, without expecting a return.

Altruism

The __ describes the phenomena where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency if they see that help is already given by others.

Bystander effect

__ described intimacy, passion, and commitment as key elements of love.

Sternberg

According to Freud, the __ operates on the reality principle as a mediator.

Ego

The defense mechanism of __ involves creating a socially acceptable excuse to justify unacceptable behavior

Rationalization

__ involves reverting to immature ways of responding.

Regression

__ involves transferring unacceptable thoughts or impulses to others.

Projection

In Freud's psychosexual stages, the oral stage focuses on dependency on __.

Pleasures of the mouth

Fixation in the anal stage can result in excessive __, __, and __.

Neatness, Stubbornness, Controlling

Adler's __ involves an excessive drive to strive for superiority or unhealthy coping mechanisms.

Inferiority complex

Jung described the interplay between the conscious mind and the __.

Unconscious mind

Rogers differentiated between an internal locus of control and an __.

External locus of control

__ is the belief that an individual has the ability to succeed in a situation or accomplish tasks.

Self-efficacy

__ is when an individual feels that they do not have the ability to overcome challenges.

Learned helplessness orientation

A behavior is classified as disordered if it exhibits deviance, __, distress, and danger.

Dysfunction

__ thoughts or emotions that deviate from a society or culture’s norms

Deviance

__ thoughts or emotions that can lead to self-harm or serious relationship problems

Distress

When someone’s thoughts or emotions become __ to one-self or others

Danger

__ is characterized by trouble focusing, and sitting still.

ADHD

__ involves a long-lasting depressive mood.

Major depressive disorder

__ involves repeated episodes of mania.

Bipolar disorder

__ is loss of contact with reality.

Psychosis

is an imaginary sensatory reality; is a false reality.

Hallucination; Delusion

In anxiety disorders, is excessive fear and worry, while are episodes of intense anxiety.

Anxiety; Panic

Difference between fear and phobia

Fear- biological and rational; Phobia- generated from past trauma or experience

_ is the fear of going outside

Agoraphobia

In OCD, are irrational thoughts, and is the action associated with the obsession.

Obsessions; Compulsions

__ is generated from past traumatic events and can cause flashbacks.

PTSD

In __ an individual has multiple personalities or alters which will switch w/o expecting it

Dissociative Disorder

Symptoms of anorexia

eat very little, fear of gaining weight, see fat where there isn’t any

Symptoms of bulimia

may be at average weight but struggles with food management, dental and stomach lining issues

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by the need to feel important, __, and a lack of guilt.

Insecurity

Which Personality disorders, prefers to be isolated from others

Antisocial

What enviromental factor is associated with obesity epidemic, what can combat this public health concern

Lack of health education, Lack of outdoor activity, Poverty

What are the Big Five Personality traits

Openness, Conscientious, Extraversion, Agreeable, Neuroticism

the drive to do something because we enjoyed doing it; does not get rewarded for doing it , the drive to do something because we expect reward for it; get something in return for doing something

Intrinsic; Extrinsic