BIOSCI 101 flashcards

Most abundant elements in human body

CHNOPS

Polymers form from

dehydration synthesis

polymers break from

hydrolysis

polymers built of similar molecules

monomers

Simple compound acetate, can form hydrophobic/fatty acid chains

lipids

addition of phosphate makes fatty acids ______

amphiphatic

Energy storage, structural molecule, steroid hormones

Lipid functions

The cell membrane is formed of this

phospholipid bilayer

form from central pathways, connected by glycosidic bonds, store energy as starch and glycogen

sugars

glucose, fructose, ribose

monosaccharides

sucrose, lactose

disaccharides

sugar molecules linked by glycosidic bonds

polysaccharides

sugar is stored as ______ in animals, and _______ in plants

glycogen, cellulose

informational functions, storage of energy in ATP, cAMP signaling

functions of nucleic acids

Bond between nucleic acids forming from a CH2 group at 5' end, and a C at the 3' end

phosphodiester bonds

Deoxyribose and ribose in DNA and RNA, respectively

nucleic acid components

formed from amino acids, peptide bonds formed and broken by dehydration and hydrolysis, amino acids used determine function

proteins

COOH end of a protein

carboxy terminus

NH2 end of a protein

amine group

a carboxy terminus and amine group bond through _______

dehydration

Glucose + Glucose in a 1-4 glycosidic linkage

maltose

glucose + fructose in a 1-2 glycosidic linkage

sucrose

energy is captured and stored into...

reduced bonds

energy in reduced bonds ultimately transfers to...

ATP

free energy released on ATP hydrolysis is used for biological ___

work

process which builds bonds (photosynthesis)

anabolic

process which breaks bonds (cellular respiration)

catabolic

food sources arranged by amount of energy released when set on fire, least to most (4 answers)

carbs, protein, alcohol, fat

stores triglycerides, and fatty acids

adipose tissue

a process that releases energy

exergonic

a process that consumes energy

endergonic

life uses ATP (as opposed to CTP, GTP, etc...) as primary energy storage because the __________ bond is stable in water

phosphoanhydride

Most of the energy in ATP is in the _ phosphate group

3rd

Del means delta in this set. Type OK

OK

DelH - TDelS = DelG

Gibb's free energy