FRC3131 UF

Master Plants List

Campsis radicans; trumpet creeper; Bignoniaceae

• Native

• deciduos

• tan/beige shreddy bark with aerial rootlets on a vine

• odd pinnate compound, opp., ovate, coarsely serrate, herbaceous rachis with a groove in the middle

• attractive orange/red flowers

Cephalanthus occidentalis; buttonbush; Rubiaceae

• native

• wetland indicator

• deciduous

• simple, opp. or whorled, entire, bright green midvein

• jumble of branches and stems

Acer negundo; boxelder; Aceraceae

• native

• deciduous

• green/gray bark with shallow fissures

• compound (3-7 leaflets), opp., dentate margins, some pubescence

• pair of samaras

Aralia spinosa; devil’s walkingstick; Araliaceae

• native

• deciduous

• single stem; not many branches

• spines encircle it, shallow fissures on the bark

• bi/tripinnately compound, alt., ovate, serrate margins, spines on midrib, swollen base/rachis

Citrus aurantium; sour orange; Rutaceae

• non-native; naturalized

• evergreen

• small tree covered in thorns on smooth bark

• Twigs are green, keeled, and have thorns

• simple, alt., winged petiole, glossy, citrus-smelling leaves, glabrous ups., and crenulate/nearly entire margin

• produce hesperidium fruit

Pinus palustris; longleaf pine; Pinaceae

• native

• evergreen conifer

• bark is coarse scales that are thin and papery

• twigs are very thick

• leaves in fascicles of 3 or more (never 2), 2 palm lengths in length

• leaves are clustered at end of twigs

Persea borbonia; redbay; Lauraceae

• native

• evergreen

• bark is red/brown flat ridges, looks like live oak bark

• simple, alt., entire, elliptic/oblong, no pubescence, sometimes glaucous lws., bay smell

• egg shaped drupe 

Ilex vomitoria; Yaupon holly; Aquifoliaceae

• native

• evergreen

• smooth, gray holly bark, stout hard to break twigs

• simple, alt., crenate margins, lime green midrib

• red berry drupe

Ilex opaca; American holly; Aquifoliaceae

• Native

• evergreen

• ridges in bark, thin, tight, grey bark

• simple, alt., stout spines on margins, dark green glabrous ups., pale lws., thick leaves

• red drupe

Bidens alba; Spanish needles; Asteraceae

• Native

• annual

• no bark

• simple/trifoliate compound, opp., serrated, pubescent

• square twigs

• white flowers with yellow middle

Carex sp.; sedge; Cyperaceae

• Native

• perennial

• loose tufts

• monocot + grasslike

• 3-ranked connected at base, single terminal cluster, 3 bracks

• keeled, triangular stems

• tear leaf to get a m/v shape when looking down

Chionanthus virginicus; fringetree; Oleaceae

• Native

• deciduous

• slightly raised lenticles, gray/brown tight bark,

• simple, opp., elliptic, entire, undulate, glabrous ups. + lws., shattered glass below, petioles have grooves

• crushed leaves smell like tootsie rolls

• lacy white clustered flowers

Smilax sp.; greenbriar; Smilacaceae

• Native

• woody herbaceous vine that trails with tendrils

• leaves all branch out from petiole with thorn on vining part

• monocot

• variable leaf shape

• sprout from tuberous root

Toxicodendron radicans; Poison ivy; Anacardiaceae

• Native

• deciduous

• bark is brown and covered in aerial rootlets

• trifoliate compound leaves, alt., lobed, dentate margins, glabrous ups. + lws.

• produce translucent drupe

Pinus elliottii; slash pine; Pinaceae

• Native

• evergreen

• twigs are pinky length in width, has more branching

• denser crown

• leaves in fascicles of 2-3, that have a 1-11/2 palm length

• smaller cones 

Rhapidophyllum hystrix; needle palm; Arecaceae

• Native

• evergreen

• no trunk; comprised of old leaves and fibers

• simple, 6-18 leaves per frond, palmate, 3-4 teeth on apex (jagged), truncate base, parallel venation, sometimes silvery look

• monocot

Cinnamomum camphora; camphor tree; Lauraceae

• Cat. 1 invasive

• evergreen

• tan, fissured bark with broad plates and ridges

• simple, alt., entire but undulate, sub palmately veined, yellow halo + midrib, supposed vix smell

• callosities on leaves

• green twigs that snap

• produce black drupe

Melia azedarach; chinaberry; Meliaceae

• Cat. 1 invasive

• deciduous

• thin grayish brown bark, high branches have a purple hue,

• bi/tripinnately compound, alt., serrate/dentate margins, unpleasant smell when crushed

• clustered together

• leaves drop quickly, but fruit persists

• yellow drupe fruit that clusters

Ceratiola ericoides; Florida rosemary; Empetraceae

• Native

• scrub/coastal

• evergreen

• thin and shreddy bark

• simple, opp., spiraling, linear, dark green, 

• grow up as dome/donut, bushy shrub

• produce drupe

Sapindus saponaria; wingleaf soapberry; Sapindaceae

• Native

• deciduous

• small loose plates, pale brown, drooping form

• oddly pinnately compound with 11-13 leaflets, alt., asymmetric base, inequilateral, entire

• pinnacle of flowers

• produce globose yellow drupe in clusters

Cyrilla racemiflora; swamp titi, Cyrillaceae

• Native

• deciduous

• soft, grayish bark

• simple, alt., fleshy smooth feel, elliptic/lanceolate, entire

• buttress base from flooding

• grows crooked

• grow in monoculture

• raceme flowers

Carya glabra; pignut hickory; Juglandaceae

• Native

• deciduous

• braided bark

• compound, alt., no pubescence, glabrous, finely serrated margins, has occasional axillary hairs

• produce pear shaped husk that looks like pig’s snout

Fraxinus pennsylvanica; green ash; Oleaceae

• native

• deciduous

• braided bark, often has swollen base, straight form

• oddly compound, opp., leaflets are serrate/entire, axillary bud very visible, knight’s shield leaf scar

• produce samara

Euonymus americanus; American strawberry bush; Celastraceae

• native

• tardily deciduous

• shrub

• no bark, green stem

• simple, opp., lanceolate/obovate, crenate/serrate, variabel pubescence on midrib

• green, keeled twigs

• capsule fruit that looks like a lychee

Ulmus alata; winged elm; Ulmaceae

• native

• deciduous

• platey, stacked bark with rounded fissures

• simple, alt., narrower than other sp., acute apex, parallel veins, inequilateral but not oblique, doubly serrate, scabrous

• corky ridges/winged twigs 

• variable samara fruit

Fraxinus americana; white ash; Oleaceae

• native

• deciduous

• braided bark with deep furrows

• compound, opp., entire/dentate serrations, axillary bud is hard to see, u-shaped leaf scar glaucous appearing lws. that is pubescence

• produce samara

Carya tomentosa; mockernut hickory; Juglandaceae

• native

• deciduous

• braided bark

• compound, alt., fine/course serrated margins, yellow-green ups., green wooly pubescence on lws., bud and rachis are also pubescent

• nut fruit with large husk and small nut

Cornus florida; flowering dogwood; Cornaceae

• native

• deciduous

• pebbly tight FIRM bark; dark brown bark

• simple, opp., ovate, entire/undulate margin, arcuate venation, latex test, white pubescence on lws., shattered glass, prominent veins on lws.

• white flowers

• produce scarlet drupe

Acer floridanum; Florida maple; Aceraceae

• native

• deciduous

• thin shallow fissures, grayish brown bark

• simple, opp., palmate, dentate margins with entire/ u-shaped sinuses, dark green ups. with pubescent lws., has long petiole

• pair of samaras

Sambucus nigra; elderberry; Caprifoliaceae

• native

• deciduous in cold but evergreen in warm

• tight rough dark bark with brown lenticles

• bi/pinnately compound, opp., serrate herbaceous rachis (fleshy + bendable)

• white flower

• purple drupe in clusters 

Morus rubra; red mulberry; Moraceae

• native

• deciduous

• brown fissures and scales

• simple, alt., polymorphic leaves, densely pubescent, dentate/serrate, scabrous feel

• green hairy flowers

• red cluster of drupes

Salix caroliniana; carolina willow; Salicaceae

• native

• grow in thickets/colonies

• bark is scaly with broad ridges

• simple, alt., linear/lanceolate, finely toothed margin, glabrous ups + glaucous lws., 

• capsule fruit

• aspirin tree

Celtis laevigata; sugarberry; Ulmaceae

• native

• deciduous

• bark is corky with warts/bumps

• simple, alt., acuminate apex, irregularly serrated/entire margin, inequilateral base 

Liquidambar styraciflua; sweetgum; Hamamelidaceae

• native

• deciduous

• light gray bark with cracked fissures/plates

• simple, alt., stellately lobed, finely serrate margins

• axillary hairs

• aromatic smell when crushed

• gumball fruits

Tillandsia recurvata; small ballmoss; Bromeliaceae

• native

• persistent

• epiphyte

• rosulate leaves, heavily recurved, covered in haris/scales

• green to gray (moisture affected)

• attractive flower on a long stalk that is bright purple

Carpinus caroliniana; musclewood; Betulaceae

• native

• deciduous

• muscly/wavy wood, thin, tight, fluted bark

• simple, alt., ovate, 2-ranked, acute apex, equal and rounded base, doubly serrate , glabrous ups, lws has axillary hairs

Quercus virginiana; live oak; Fagaceae

• native

• evergreen

• deeply fissured bark, chocolate brown and blocky

• simple, alt., mostly elliptic, thick and leathery, upressed pubescence, revolute margins

• white oak

Acer rubrum; red maple; Aceraceae

• native

• deciduous

• simple, opp., palmately lobed, v-shaped sinus, serrate/crenate margins

• silver underside

• distinct u-shaped leaf scar

• pair of samara seeds

Quercus nigra; water oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• thin, brown, gray, tight bark

• lots of branching lower on tree

• simple, alt., spatulate, axillary hairs

• big green acorns

Parthenocissus quinquefolia; virginia creeper; Vitaceae

• native

• deciduous

• woody climbing vine

• branched tendrils with suction cups

• palmately compound, alt., 5 leaflets, pink petiole, serrate margins, sometimes pubescence on leaves

• turn red in winter

Quercus hemisphaerica; darlington oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• tight bark

• simple, alt., elliptic, young leaves have lobing, entire, glabrous on both sides

• fast growing

• high and dry sites

• produce squatty acorns

Sassafras albidum; sassafras; Lauraceae

• native

• deciduous

• bark is pine-like, cracked, flaky, reddish-brown

• simple, alt., polymorphic lobed leaves, impressed veins on ups, lws has pubescence

• grow in thickets

• smells like fruit loops when crushed

Quercus geminata; sand live oak; Fagaceae

• native

• evergreen

• deeply fissured, blocky, dark brown bark

• simple, alt., elliptic, thick and leathery, revolute margin, deeply impressed veins, and dense pubescence on lws

• leaf curls like a boat/cigar

• produce black acorn

Quercus laevis; turkey oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• dark, blocky, thick bark

• simple, alt., lobed variably, very thick and leathery, acute base (V), glabrous ups and lws, but has axillary hairs

• twist on petiole

• large acorn

Juniperus virginiana; eastern red cedar; Cupressaceae

• native

• evergreen

• gnarled appearance, with thin, shreddy bark

• simple, opp., triangular scale or awl-shaped leaves

• distinct cedar smell

Quercus falcata; southern red oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• very thick, deeply fissured, broadly ridged bark

• simple, alt., lobed, mucronate apex, rounded oblique base, lws has pubescence

• light brown acorns

Quercus laurifolia; swamp laurel oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• grayish tight bark

• simple, alt., elliptic, some diamond shape, undulate

• found in WET LOW sites

Vitis aestivalis; summer grape; Vitaceae

• native

• deciduous

• woody climbing vine with tendrils

• dark shreddy bark with narrow strips that peel off

• leaves are lobed, simple, alt., with pubescence

Quercus michauxii; swamp chestnut oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• light, flaky, peeling, shreddy bark

• simple, alt., obovate, shallowly lobed, prominent veins, lws has pubescence throughout

Vaccinium myrsinites; shiny blueberry; Ericaceae

• native

• evergreen

• low growing rhizomatous shrub

• simple, alt., very tiny, shiny green ups with small serrations

• urn shaped flowers

• small edible fruit

Gelsemium sempervirens; yellow jessamine; Loganiaceae

• native

• evergreen

• twining vine that goes from purplish brown to brown in color

• simple. opp., lanceolate, glabrous ups + lws

• showy tubular flowers

• produce capsule fruit

Aesculus pavia; red buckeye; Hippocastanaceae

• native

• deciduous

• smooth gray bark

• palmately compound, opp., serrated edges

• red tubular flowers

• capsule seed

Ilex glabra; gallberry; Aquifoliaceae

• native

• evergreen

• no bark, round twigs, woody rhizomatous shrub 

• simple, alt., top 1/3 of leaves are serrated, green and glabrous on both sides, thick and waxy

• produce black inedible berry

Magnolia virginiana; sweetbay; Magnoliaceae

• native

• evergreen

• lack of bark features; gray

• simple, alt, elliptic, entire, glabrous ups, glaucous lws

• encircling stipular scar

• smell when crushed

• aggregate of follicles fruit

Callicarpa americana; american beautyberry; Verbenaceae

• native

• deciduous

• pioneer spp.

• simple, alt., decussate leaves, crenate margins, pubescence on leaves and twigs that have a smell

• purple drupe fruit (edible)

• better insect repellant than DEET

Lyonia lucida; fetterbush; Ericaceae

• native

• evergreen

• brown and diamond shaped bark, keeled twigs

• thicket forming shrub

• simple, alt., acuminate apex, entire, intramarginal vein (halo)

• long stalk of flowers

• capsule fruit

Prunus serotina; black cherry; Rosaceae

• native

• deciduous

• lots of lenticles on bark, very disting black flaky bark

• simple, alt., acuminate apex, serrated

• dark glands on petiole

• drupe fruit

Serenoa repens; saw palmetto; Arecaceae

• native

• evergreen

• thinner stem, procumbant growth form

• simple, palmate, armed petiole, green to glaucous color

• flowers are long inflorescence that develop black/blue drupe fruit (used for medical research)

• basically indestructible

Crataegus sp.; hawthorn; Rosaceae

• native

• deciduous

• blocky, fissured, dark bark

• simple, alt., arrowheard/parsley/maple shape, cuneate base, serrations, shattered glass lws

• Twigs have woody thorns

• showy 5-petal flowers

• pome fruit (edible)

Pinus glabra; spruce pine; Pinaceae

• native

• evergreen

• distinct pine bark, tight, chocolate color

• fascicles of 2, shorter needles, super fragrant lemon pine smell when crushed

• tiny, smooth pine cones that are held in the crown

Diospyros virginiana; common persimmon; Ebenaceae

• native

• deciduous

• dark, thick, blocky bark

• simple, opp., entire, ovate, shattered glass bottom

• buds are dark and triangular

• yellow green bell flowers

Cladina sp.; deer moss; Cladoniaceae

• native

• lichen

• whitish grey

• spongy

• reproduce via spores

Vaccinium arboreum; sparkleberry; Ericaceae

• native

• deciduous

• thin bark that peels, reddish brown color

• simple, alt., elliptic, thick and leathery, looks like thumbprint, very finely serrate

• urn shaped flowers

• produce dark edible berries

Taxodium ascendens; pond cypress; Cupressaceae

• native

• deciduous

• gymnosperm

• fibrous, reddish-brown bark, buttress base, produce knees

• branchlet of leaves, awl-shaped, awls are ascending/upressed on branchlet

• produce globose cones

Taxodium distichum; bald cypress; Cupressaceae

• native

• deciduous

• gymnosperm

• brown shreddy bark that buttresses

• branchlets, feather-like awls perpendicular to the midrib,

• globose cones

Lyonia ferruginea; rusty lyonia; Ericaceae

• native

• evergreen

• vertical ridges/fissures, gray/brown color bark

• simple, alt., younger leaves covered in rusty scales, elliptic, revolute margins

• produce capsule fruit

• wood is harvested for fake office trees

Pinus taeda; loblolly pine; Pinaceae

• native

• evergreen

• plately reddish brown bark

• very thin twigs

• fascicles of 3, shorter leaves

• fast growing, produce cones annually and a lot of them

• small very prickly cones

• tend to hold cones in the crown

Persea palustris; swamp bay; lauraceae

• native

• evergreen

• thick, reddish brown bark at maturity, thin when young

• simple, alt., elliptic, entire, thick leaves, dark green ups., lighter green lws with pubescence

• produce bay smell when crushed

• produce blue/black drupe

Osmanthus americanus; wild olive; Oleaceae

• native

• evergreen

• thin grayish bark

• simple, opp., elliptic, thick and leathery, glabrous ups + lws, revolute margin, no aroma, no encircling stipular scar

• white tubular flowers

• small olive drupe

Ilex cassine; dahoon holly; Aquifoliaceae

• native

• evergreen

• thin, gray, non distinct bark

• simple, alt., elliptic, entire or serrations on upper 1/3, glabrous, tip of leaf is mucronate and pointed downward like a bird’s beak

• produce red drupe

Cnidoscolus urens; stinging nettle; Euphorbiaceae

• native

• perennials

• no bark

• simple, alt., deeply lobed, covered in clear stiff hairs, when brown has a milky sap

• white 5-petal flower

• capsule fruit

Gordonia lasianthus; loblolly bay; Theaceae

• native

• evergreen

• bark is distinct with deep fissures and wide flat ridges, light gray and brown color

• simple, alt., thick, glabrous on both sides, serrated margins that are very pointy 

• NO SMELL

• magnolia like flower

• capsule fruit

Elephantopus sp.; elephant’s foot; Asteraceae

• Native

• annual

• basal rosette of leaves, elliptic hairy leaves, crenate/entire/dentate margins, resin dots

• triangular flowering heads

• achene fruit

• tough plants

Nyssa biflora; swamp tupelo; Cornaceae

• native

• deciduous

• wet sites

• straight bark with swollen base, bark is fissured like a sweetgum

• simple, alt., entire, leathery, glabours, red flagging leaves

• LATEX TEST

• biflora flowers

• blue/black drupe

Pityopsis sp.; silk grass; Asteraceae

• native

• simple, alt, linear, pubescent

• tears like fabric/silk

• yellow flower on flowering stalk

• achene fruit

Hypericum sp., St. John’s wort; Clusiaceae

• native

• perennial 

• woody plant, thin shreddy, reddish brown bark

• simple, opp., tiny, elliptic, fleshy feel, sessile

• leafy stipules

• brown capsule with leafy brackets

• yellow flowers

Solidago sp., goldenrod; Asteraceae

• native

• perennial

• lanceolate, alt, sessile, spiral around stem, glabrous

• stems may be branched

• bright yellow flowers

• achene fruits

Morella cerifera; wax myrtle; Myricaceae

• native

• smooth thin bark, can be multi stemmed

• simple, alt., lanceolate, acute apex, entire or serrated, undulate, ups and lws have yellow oil glands

• bay smell

Rubus sp.; blackberry; Rosaceae

• native

• perennial

• some vine, some upright

• trifoliate compound, alt., obovate, dentate margins, dark green ups, pubescent on lws

• armed lws midrib

• stem has thorns

• white flower

• aggregate of drupes (edible)

Quercus incana; bluejack oak; Fagaceae

• native

• deciduous

• blocky, thick, distinct bark

• simple, alt., shapes vary, mucronate apex, ups is green/hazy gray, lws has heavy blue gray pubescence

• crooked

• small acorn

Licania michauxii; gopher apple; Chrysobalanaceae

• native

• small woody shrub

• simple, alt., obtuse apex, cuneate base, ups is lime green, lws is glabrous to pubescent

• rhizomatous

• fleshy drupes 

Paspalum notatum; bahia grass; Poaceae

• non native

• perennial

• simple, alt., sod-forming grass

• purple rhizome

• flowers split into Y-shape (sometimes singular)

• seeds are caryopsis

Aristida beyrichiana; wiregrass; Poaceae

• native

• perennial

• long, linear, wire-like leaves

• bunch grass

• awns are flowering parts

• promote fire/are fuel beds

Andropogon sp.; broom sedge; Poaceae

• native

• perennial

• simple, alt., folded leaves at midrib

• bunch grass

• flattened base when pulled up

• feathery

• airborne seed

Eupatorium sp.; dogfennel; Asteraceae

• native

• perennial

• herbaceous

• leaves vary in arrangement

• fennel smell

• very fluffy looking

• grow in thickets

• rutteral spp.

• white flower

• achene fruit

Sabal palmetto; sabal palm; Arecaceae

• native

• evergreen

• monocot

• simple, alt., costa palmate, parallel venation

• flowers are twig like

Magnolia grandiflora; southern magnolia; Magnoliaceae

• native

• evergreen

• non distinct bark that fissures with age

• simple, alt, elliptic, entire, glabrous ups, rusty pubescence on lws

• aggregate of follicles

Cercis canadensis; eastern redbud; Fabaceae

• native

• deciduous

• smooth bark that furrows with age

• simple, alt., cordate shaped leaves, swollen petioles, yellow in fall

• pink flowers

• produce legumes

Pteridium aquilinum; bracken fern; Dennstaedtiaceae

• native

• perennial

• no bark

• frond, multiple branching, triangular shape

• spores

• have sori

Betula nigra; river birch; Betulaceae

• native

• deciduous

• papery bark that peels off, salmon color

• rhomboid shape, simple, alt, truncate base, 2-ranked, doubly serrate

• produce 2 winged nutlets

• rarely grows straight

Prunus caroliniana; carolina laurel cherry; Rosaceae

• native

• evergreen

• simple, alt, elliptic, entire/serrate margins, base of leaf is never serrate, two purple glands on back base of leaf

• non-edible drupe fruit

• leaves have cherry smell when crushed

Nekemias arborea; peppervine; Vitaceae

• native

• deciduous

• bush/climbing vine

• bi/tripinnately compound, alt, coarsely serrate/dentate, red/purple tinted rachis near leaflets

• small green flowers

• produce cluster of red/black peppery tasting berries

Rhus copallinum; winged sumac; Anacardiaceae

• native

• deciduous

• bark is thin and peels with age, develops lenticles

• oddly pinnately compound, alt, oblique base, pubescence on petiole and twigs

• winged appendages and rachis

• white flowers

• produce red drupe (edible) that persists through winter

Gaylussacia frondosa; blue huckleberry; Ericaceae

• native

• shrub

• simple, alt, emarginate apex, veins impressed on ups, glaucous lws

• gold glands

• white bell-shaped flowers

• waxy, tasty blueberry

Gaylussacia dumosa; dwarf huckleberry; Ericaceae

• native

• deciduous

• no bark

• simple, alt, mucronate apex, spatulate/obovate shape

• gold glands

• white urn shaped flowers

• produce a black shiny berry

Vaccinium stamineum; deerberry; Ericaceae

• native

• deciduous

• reddish flaky bark

• simple, alt, acute apex, glaucous lws, papery feel, tiny hairs on margin (ciliate)

• urn shaped flowers 

• produce glaucous berry

Vitis rotundifolia; muscadine; Vitaceae

Asimina angustifolia; slimleaf pawpaw; Annonaceae

• native

• deciduous

• long, stiff branches

• simple, alt, linear, smells like green bell peppers

• white 6-petal flower that smells bad

• produces good-tasting fruit

Triadica sebifera; Chinese tallow tree; Euphorbiaceae

• Cat.1 invasive

• deciduous

• shreddy brown bark

• simple, alt, rhombic shape, broad leaf, entire, MILKY SAP, no pubescence

• produce capsule fruit with white seeds that look like popcorn

Broussonetia papyrifera; paper mulberry; Moracaeae

• cat 2 invasive

• deciduous

• tan, thin bark with brown blotching

• simple, all arrangements, polymorphic huge leaves, pubescence on lws and ups + twigs, serrate margins, milky sap

• soft pubescence

• produce a cluster of achenes